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ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

5s 6d. 



— ■ 



ENCEPHALOLOGY; 




OR,< 



AVERY BRIEF SKETCH 

OF 

DR. HIRNSCHADEL'S 

OLOGIES OF THE CRANION AND PHREN 

PERFECTED BY THE 

RATIO NALS. 




LONDON: 
PRINTED FOR JAMES DUNCAN, 

PATERNOSTER ROW. 

1824. 






$■ 



LONDON: 
PRINTED BY J. MOYES, GREVILLE STREET. 



PREFACE. 



The Ologies of the Cranion and 
Phretst, claim the distinguished 
priority of being the last of all the 
Ologies that have endeavoured to 
extend the boundaries of the Em- 
pire of Science. It is not the in- 
tention of Dr. Hirnschadel's Ence- 
phalology, to disturb that claim ; 
although, if it be not the last in 
point of origin, it is certainly the 
last in point of divulgation. 

It may be pertinently asked — " Is 
" it not a contradiction to entitle 



IV PREFACE. 

" this Tract, Dr. HirnschadeFs Olo- 
" gies of the Cr anion and Phrenper- 
u fected, 8fc, if that learned Doctor 
" was neither the Author nor Pro- 
" prietor of those Ologies V — I 
must grant, that there is ground for 
the question; but, in truth, this 
title has only been devised in order 
to apprize the scientific Reader at 
the first glance, that he will find all 
the numerous defects and errors of 
those two Ologies rectified and per- 
fected in the " Ology of the Ence- 
"phalns and System of the Rationah" 
of which he has hitherto been kept 
in profound and unbecoming igno- 
rance. 



PREFACE. V 

I shall not, here, inquire into the 
causes which have conspired to ef- 
fect that privation ; I shall content 
myself with informing him, that, in 
order to rescue him from an igno- 
rance so injurious, I have with no 
small pains compressed into the 
present u Very Brief Sketch" from 
sundry publications in the German 
and Polish languages, a Summary 
of Dr. Hirnschadel's Biography, by 
the minute details of which alone 
his Science can be adequately or 
satisfactorily imparted. 

For the separate use of those of 
my fair readers who do not wear 
blue stockings, I have subjoined a 



VI PREFACE. 

small Glossary of such terms as 
might occasion them embarrass- 
ment in prosecuting the thread of 
the scientific part of this History. 

It now only remains for me to 
congratulate all my readers, on 
being at length put into possession 
of the only article that remained, 
to render quite complete the En- 
cyclopedias of Edinburgh and Dr. 
Rees. 



CONTENTS. 



Page 
CHAP. I. BIRTH AND INFANCY OF ERNST 

IIIRNSCHADEL 1 

CHAP. II. REMARKABLE PARTICULARS OF 

HIS CHILDHOOD..... 13 

CHAP. III. HIS PUBERTY — ADOLESCENCE — 

AND MANHOOD 29 

CHAP. IV. HE LEAVES THE UNIVERSITY OF 
FRANKFORT — HTS ELEMENTS OF 
ENCEPHALOLOGY .. 40 

CHAP. V. HE REDUCES HIS PRINCIPLES TO 

PRACTICE — HIS HEJIRA 07 

CHAP. VI. HE RETURNS TO SAXONY — DIS- 
PLAYS HIS PRACTICE— PREPARES 
TO DELIVER HIS LECTURES — BE- 
COMES FIRST ACQUAINTED WITH 
THE WORKS OF GALL AND SPURZ- ' 
HEIM— HIS OBSERVATIONS UPON 
THEM 84 

CHAP. VII. HE PROCEEDS ON A JOURNEY OF EX- 
PLORATION — PASSES THROUGH 
LEIPSIG — ARRIVES AT PARIS. ... 113 



Vlll CONTENTS. 

CHAP. VIII. HE ARRIVES INCOGNITO IN LON- 
DON 125 

CHAP. IX. HE PROCEEDS TO SCOTLAND— AND 
IRELAND— QUITS DUBLIN TO RE- 
TURN HOME 142 

CHAP. X. HIS JOURNEY— ARRIVAL AT HIRN- 

SCHADEL— OBITUARY 159 



ENCEPHALOLOGY, 

OB, 

A VERY BRIEF SKETCH, 

ETC. 



CHAPTER I. 

BIRTH AND INFANCY OF ERNST 
HIRNSCHADEL. 

Ernst Hirnschadel was born in the 
Baronial Castle that crowns the little 
village of that name, situated in the 
forest of Sonnenburg in Upper Saxony, 
and not far from the confluence of the 
Warta and Oder. His father, Heinrich, 
was the forty-second Baron, in direct 
descent, of that most ancient Saxon 
house; his mother, Theresa Haupt, was 
the second daughter of a physician of 

B 



2 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

eminent celebrity at Gorlitz, also of an 
ancient family, and created a Baron of 
the Holy Roman Empire. Their family 
consisted of five children, three sons 
and two daughters ; of whom, the eldest, 
Ernst, so called after his maternal 
grandfather, was born eleven months after 
their marriage. As it is my intention to 
exclude no details, however apparently 
trifling, from a biography whose interest 
will be found to commence almost with 
existence, I shall not conceal from the 
reader the assurances of the most re- 
spectable inhabitants of the village ; that, 
on the night of Ernst's birth, his mother 
dreamed that her person suddenly emit- 
ted a stream of fire, which directed itself 
to the head of her husband, singeing off 
the hair, and encircling it with a coronet 
of flame ; from whence it reverted to 
herself, and settled round her own head 
with such violence of scintillation and 
decrepitation, as to wake her from her 
sleep; when she found herself in the 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 3 

first pains of child-birth. Her labour 
was neither long nor violenf; it lasted 
only an hour and a half, and the infant 
Hirnschadel was ushered into life. He 
was tremulously expected, tenderly ac- 
cepted, and eagerly examined, by his 
anxious father, and his numerous kins- 
folk; who found him perfectly well- 
formed and healthy, and remarkable only 
for a total absence of hair, which never 
afterwards grew. His mother perceived 
a slight floridity diffused over the whole 
of his head, which she naturally con- 
nected in her mind with the dream that 
woke her to his birth; but which, for a 
long time afterwards, she never commu- 
nicated to any one. 

It was not until the third month that 
the event occurred, which marks in so 
remarkable a manner the precise point of 
time at which we must of necessity com- 
mence the history of our great future 
encephalologist. And here I must ap- 
prise the reader, that I shall be obliged 



4 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

to enter into a series of very minute 
particulars, which in ordinary nurseries 
and infancies would be as unimportant 
as they would be tedious and offensive, 
hut in the case before us are very far 
otherwise : the reader must therefore fix 
a curb upon his fastidiousness, since they 
will be found productive of the highest 
interest, because pregnant with the most 
important and astonishing results. An 
author, who is to instruct his reader, 
must know best what is requisite to be 
stated preliminarily. 

It happened, then, that at this critical 
period of his infancy, his parents carried 
him to Gorlitz, to shew him to his grand- 
father. Little Ernst had pertinaciously 
refused the breast, from the moment of 
his birth ; not only that of his mother, 
a blooming young woman of twenty-two 
years of age, but that, also, of his nursing 
aunts, more distant female relatives, 
neighbours, and dependents, who all, in 
succession, presented to his lips their 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 5 

exuberant stores. He therefore reduced 
his parents to the necessity of bringing 
hini up (as it is called) by hand; and, 
for the first three months of his life, he 
was reared with a pap made of milk and 
wheaten bread, which he swallowed, but 
without ever testifying any satisfaction 
at the meal. Late in the day of their 
return home from Gorlitz, after a long 
and tedious journey, they chanced to halt 
for refreshment at the house of an in- 
timate acquaintance; when their first care 
was to provide the usual food for their 
infant, whose violent and continued cries 
were unequivocal tokens how greatly his 
frame stood in need of a speedy recruit- 
ment. The nurse who attended him was 
sedulous in preparing the pap for her 
little charge ; and was in the act of re- 
moving it from the fire, when, in the 
excess of her zeal, she overset the ba- 
lance of the saucepan, and the whole 
meal was suddenly and irrecoverably pre- 
cipitated into the flames. 



6 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

The increasing cries of the child at 
this disastrous instant, plunged the dis- 
tracted mother into a momentary despair, 
from which, however, she was quickly 
extricated by the force of maternal soli- 
citude and sagacity ; for, perceiving, 
amongst the articles just placed upon 
the table for her own meal, the divided 
head of a calf, and descrying in it a 
cavity filled with a soft white substance 
much resembling in colour and consist- 
ency the pap that had been lost, she 
quickly thrust the handte of a spoon into 
it, and presented it to the lips of the 
child. Never did astonishment and joy 
more powerfully seize the feelings of a 
parent! The babe, who, to the perpe- 
tual affliction of his mother, had always 
received his meals of bread and milk with 
more of distaste than indifference, ad- 
vanced his little head with so strong and 
unexpected a spring at the taste of the 
new food, that, unless the maternal vigi- 
lance had exceeded the infantine vora- 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 7 

city, the handle of the spoon must infal- 
libly have penetrated far into the gullet ; 
but, by a quick and expert reduction of 
the hand, she saved herself and the world 
from a loss incalculable and irreparable. 
Guided by the rule of this unlooked-for 
success, half of the brains were gradually 
administered, and swallowed; joy and 
animation were for the first time depicted 
on the countenance of the infant; and, 
after his exulting mother had wiped his 
mouth and kissed him, he fell into a 
sound sleep, which continued not only 
during the remainder of the journey, but 
till long after day-light the following 
morning. 

When he opened his eyes> he lay for 
some time as if unconscious of being 
awake; a smile sat upon his features; 
and an unusual dew was diffused over his 
forehead, and over the rosy colouring of 
his cheeks ; but, the cravings of a va- 
cuous stomach soon produced a sharp 
consciousness of wakefulness, and his 



8 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

reiterated cries as speedily brought his 
mother and his nurse to the opposite 
sides of his cradle. An attempt was 
judiciously made to quiet those cravings 
with the former diet, now that they were 
re-established at home ; but, the attempt 
was totally fruitless; the pap was re- 
jected with determination, and sputtered 
over the nurse ; the cries redoubled ; and 
a thorough conviction was received by 
both parents, that nature had at length 
unequivocally pointed out the food which 
was alone congenial either to the taste 
or the digestion of this extraordinary 
child. The mother, whose foresight had 
prompted her to reserve the remainder of 
the brains, now caused them to be heated 
on the fire ; and they were devoured with 
the same avidity, and the same delight, 
as on the preceding day. 

It was now determined to proceed 
with this new food, at least for a series 
of days, carefully watching its effects 
upon the system; with a resolution to 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 9 

desist from it the moment it should ap- 
pear in the slightest degree to tend to 
the excitement of fever, or the derange- 
ment of the digestive organs. No lack of 
store was experienced ; for, so highly was 
the father regarded, that calves' heads 
were continually sent in by the neigh- 
bouring gentry and opulent dependents, 
to supply the wants of the infant heir. 
After the experiment of a fortnight, they 
found no cause to repent of their pro- 
ceeding ; no febrile indication had oc- 
curred, and the child sensibly throve in 
health and beauty. Another fortnight 
elapsed, then a month, then another 
month ; still, the nursery exhibited an 
unvarying progress of the same pro- 
sperity. Ernst increased in stature and 
in strength, and in every quality of en- 
dearment ; and so rapid was the opera- 
tion of his cerebral diet, that at the age 
of eight months he was able to walk 
alone from chair to chair. 

The food, of which it was now ne- 
b 2 



10 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

cessary to maintain an increased sup- 
ply, opened a new scene of interest to 
the affectionate father. It had been as- 
certained, that the taste and health of 
the child were not restricted to the brains 
of calves, but extended to those of all the 
animals, whether domestic or ferce natura, 
which supplied his own table ; and even, 
that a manifest satisfaction was excited 
in the infant by the very variety. This 
discovery, added a singular delight to the 
pleasure with which the Baron indulged 
his dominant passion for the sports of the 
field. His forests abounded with every 
sort of game ; stag, fallow-deer, roe-buck, 
wild-boar, hares, rabbits, squirrels, coqs- 
de-bruyere, pheasants, partridges, quails, 
land-rail, plover, drossel (grive or thrush, 
including a great variety of small birds 
eaten indiscriminately under that cover- 
ing name,) wild-duck, widgeon, teal, &c. ; 
all of which, as chance directed, supplied 
in their turns a substitute for the maternal 
milk, which had long since disappeared. 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 11 

It was now the noble Yager's great con- 
cern, (who had appointed himself sole pur- 
veyor of the nursery,) to kill his game in 
such a manner as should not impair the 
receptacle of cerebral pap ; and, whereas 
he had hitherto been celebrated in all the 
country round for never failing to hit his 
deer in the centre of that important part^ 
he was now fearful of injuring it; and, 
such was his expertness, that by changing 
the direction of his eye to an inferior 
point of his object, he as certainly struck 
it through the third vertebra of the neck, 
as he had hitherto done through the 
centre of the cranion. Ernst was now 
upwards of two years old, but with a pro- 
gress in intelligence and action equal to 
that of an ordinary child of four years. 
The returns of his father from the chase 
were expected by him with animated 
eagerness ; and never did little Esqui- 
maux meet his parent dragging a seal or 
a walruss to his hut with more salient joy, 
than was exhibited by Ernst when he 



12 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

beheld his father bring into his kitchen 
the head of a stag, a roe-buck, or a 
marcassin. 

I must now, for a time, leave the article 
of his food, in order to notice a peculiarity 
respecting his person ; of equal importance 
to the history of the science, in which he 
stands singly super-eminent. 

The reader has been informed that he 
was born entirely without hair, which 
never afterwards grew ; nay, without the 
smallest perceptible down. This total 
absence of a covering which appeared so 
necessary, since nature had supplied it so 
liberally in all other instances, was a 
source of considerable distress to his pa- 
rents, and especially to his mother ; not 
only because she viewed it as the loss of 
a great ornament, which would have ren- 
dered him without exception the most 
perfect child in Upper Saxony, but be- 
cause she constantly apprehended the 
worst effects of cold upon so denuded a 
little head ; and she therefore concluded, 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 13 

that she was bound to furnish, with aug- 
mented care, the covering which nature 
had left to her to supply. Accordingly, she 
inserted under his outer cap one of a 
warmer texture, in the nature of a wadded 
cotton skull-cap, which should discharge 
the functions of hair. But, here she ex- 
perienced the same resistance from her 
infant, as when she first offered him the 
breast. Distress, declared either by 
piercing cries or a constant whining, ac- 
companied always the imposition and 
attachment of the head-covering ; nor did 
they ever entirely cease, except during the 
short period that the head was bared in 
dressing. As soon however as his ha^ds 
acquired sufficient strength ; which by an 
instinctive impulse they obtained at an 
astonishingly early age, even before his 
third month ; he constantly tore off both 
coverings in the night, whilst his mother 
or his nurse was asleep; and he himself 
was always found asleep in the morning, 
with all the native nudity of his head. 



14 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

As it was not known how many hours of 
the night he had lain thus exposed, and 
as this practice had continued through a 
great variation of weather, his parents 
consulted together again what course they 
should pursue ; and, as his health did not 
alter, and his tranquillity increased under 
the exposure which he so resolutely 
sought, they came to a new conclusion : 
that, as nature had furnished heads in 
general with a covering because they 
needed it, but had assigned none to 
Ernst, Ernst's peculiar system did not 
need the covering which she had withheld 
from it. Having thus experience, and an 
intelligible principle deducible from it, 
to guide and encourage them, they re- 
solved to lay aside the caps, and to leave 
the mysterious infant in the undisturbed 
enjoyment of his naked head. And thus, 
with a constant supply of brains, of sorts, 
and with a head unembarrassed with 
any coverture, natural or artificial, Ernst 
advanced in a childhood of health and 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 15 

happiness, the delight and darling of all 
his family. 

An almost necessary consequence of 
the permanent nudity which he had so 
eagerly coveted, and so successfully ob- 
tained, was an instinctive application of 
his hands to the part, and a joy resulting 
from the tangible evidence of his freedom ; 
from whence followed a pleasure accruing 
from the very tact of the smooth globular 
surface over which his fingers were per- 
petually travelling; so that whenever they 
were not otherwise called into action, 
they were habitually journeying over the 
convexity, until there was not a promi- 
nence or an indenture, however minute, 
with which he was not intimately fami- 
liarized ; and this, long before he was of 
an age to be able to estimate the value of 
the knowledge of which he was now 
beginning, unconsciously, to amass the 
stores. 

Ernst had now brothers and sisters in 



16 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

quick succession ; and it is remarkable 
that they were all born with a profusion 
of hair, as if nature had transferred to 
them the portion she had thought fit to 
refuse to Ernst. This phenomenon, ap- 
peared to affect Ernst with an offence as 
great as the pleasure which it afforded 
his parents. He seemed to have a horror 
of their hair ; and never beheld them with- 
out carrying his hands to his own head, 
and with an expression of countenance 
significative of his joy in being exempted 
from a covering so desperately adhe- 
sive. He revolted at bringing his head 
near to theirs ; and, when called upon to 
kiss them, would select some part of their 
bodies as remote as possible from the 
head. He shuddered at the necessity of 
occasionally sleeping with them ; and 
then only would ask for a cap. He 
dreaded, lest in the night some hair 
should strike a root from his brother's 
head, as he had seen plants spring up in 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 17 

one of his father's fields, from the roots 
of trees growing in the next. But, this 
was a distress to which his kind parents 
never subjected him, except in cases of 
the most absolute necessity. 



18 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 



CHAPTER II. 

REMARKABLE PARTICULARS OF HIS 
CHILDHOOD. 

Ernst was now in his sixth year : 
from being fed by others, he had there- 
fore long since arrived at the dignity of 
feeding himself; and accordingly/instead 
of receiving his food separated from its 
native receptacle, he had the happiness 
of being permitted to receive it in that 
receptacle, and to serve himself to its 
contents. A field of endless interest now 
began to reveal itself before him. He 
delighted in the exclusive property of his 
dish, and in the compact form in which 
it always lay before him. He admired 
the shape and curvature of the basin or 
cavity which contained it ; the polish of 
its surface, the delicacy of its texture, 
and the uniform resemblance which those 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 19 

of the same species always bore to each 
other. He was led on to compare those 
of the calf with those of the different 
kinds of deer ; and these, with those of 
hares, rabbits, and squirrels ; and these, 
again, with those of all the different birds 
which were brought to the table of his 
parents ; for all heads were now consi- 
dered as the rightful property of Ernst, 
who could rarely be induced to taste any 
portion of the flesh. From all the various 
heads whose contents he had, consumed, 
he selected one or more of each kind, 
which he carefully washed and cleansed; 
and, having naturally a very orderly in- 
telligence, he arranged them with great 
judgment upon a shelf in a small light 
closet, and in a line of gradation from the 
largest to the smallest. In this closet 
he would pass a considerable part of 
every day, surveying, scrutinizing, and 
measuring each ; comparing the internal 
surfaces with the external ; and thus ac- 
quiring an intimacy with the several coik 



20 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

formations, and observing the minutest 
differences with the microscopic eye of 
his opening age. Whilst inspecting these, 
his fingers would travel to the correspond- 
ing parts of his own head; and, sitting 
before a looking-glass, he would compare 
his own cranion with the subject before 
him, at the same time directing another 
glass behind his head, which put him in 
complete ocular possession of the entire 
spheroid. 

Hitherto, however, he had never seen 
his food until it was dressed, and pre- 
sented at the table. He now felt a longing 
desire to inspect it before it underwent 
that change. He therefore sought, and 
readily obtained permission, to examine 
the heads before they were dressed ; and 
he accordingly carried daily into his 
closet, early in the morning, those which 
were to be dressed for his dinner at noon. 
The accurate knowledge he had already 
acquired of the general form and structure 
of the cranion, enabled him easily to at- 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 21 

tain his object. Being singularly expert 
for his years, and what is called very 
neat-fingered, and having remarked the 
natural division of the cranion by the 
sutures ; he artfully inserted the point 
of a sharp-hooked nail-knife, following 
the line of the sutures, with more or less 
force according to the hardness of the 
subject. By this means he gently de- 
tached and raised a portion of the cranion, 
which shewed him the brain in its natural 
state and position. If there was only a 
single subject, he contented himself with 
this partial inspection ; and restoring the 
portion of the bone, and firmly tying up 
the whole with a strong twine, he gave it 
back to the cook to prepare for his din- 
ner. If the subjects were more than one, 
as was generally the case of the smaller 
game, both quadrupeds and birds, he 
would select one on which he might in- 
dulge an unlimited investigation. He 
would then remove successively every 
portion of the cranion, until the entire 



22 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

contents stood exposed on its base to 
his admiring gaze. In the course of these 
disclosures he remarked two very obvious 
facts, the early impression of which upon 
his intellect, was afterwards of infinite 
importance to his science of Encephalo- 
logy : the one was, that nature had made 
a positive separation between, what he 
then called, the hind and front brain; the 
other was, that although the internal sur- 
face of the skull exhibits a remarkable 
correspondence in form with the surface 
of the brain, yet the correspondence is 
by no means equally pronounced on the 
external surf ace ; so that the external sur- 
face alone would be a very insufficient 
and deceptious rule for judging of the 
form concealed. These two facts he per- 
ceived, when he had just turned his 
seventh year ; but, he perceived them as 
he perceived that horns grow on the head 
of a stag and not on his tail, and as 
equally manifest, and equally familiar. 
Still, however, he had only inspected 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 23 

the heads of such animals as were eaten 
for food ; he now became desirous to ex- 
tend the objects of his research. And he 
was the more earnest to follow this pur- 
suit, from recollecting that his father was 
accustomed to speak to him, synony- 
mously, of his gehirn and verstand — his 
brains and wits; and that he had often 
been told that he was as silly as a turkey, 
or a goose — as wise as an owl — and then 
again, as stupid as an owl, or an ass — 
as mad as a March hare — that he chattered 
like a magpie — repeated like a cuckoo — 
was as playful as a kitten — and as frolic- 
some as a kid. He anxiously wished to 
inspect such of these animals as he had 
not examined ; he therefore besought his 
father to procure him an owl, a magpie, 
and a cuckoo ; and he obtained from the 
servants the heads of two kittens, from a 
litter which had just been drowned. All 
these, and various others, he examined 
very minutely in his closet, searching if 
he could discover in them any peculiar!- 



24 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

ties of form, that might be connected with 
the distinguishing qualities which had 
been ascribed to himself after them. 
Whatever appeared to be such to him, he 
attentively noticed ; at the same time 
searching for the corresponding peculia- 
rities on his own cranion. 

Whilst exercised in these investiga- 
tions, and contemplating his head in the 
looking-glass, it suddenly occurred to 
him ; that, although he was so fortunate 
as to be able to view it without the ob- 
structions which concealed those of his 
brothers and sisters, yet still he was pre- 
vented from beholding it as nakedly as 
he did those of the animals in his little 
museum, by a casing that completely 
skreened it both from his view and from 
his touch. Engaged in irksome doubts 
and painful speculations of what that 
casing might conceal from him, his ram- 
bles led him accidentally one day into 
the churchyard or cemetery of the vil- 
lage, whilst a sexton was engaged in 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 25 

digging a grave which he had nearly 
completed. Curiosity urged Ernst to the 
mound of earth which had been effodi- 
ated ; and he watched the augmentation 
of the heap, as the spade threw up addi- 
tional soil. In one of those casts, he 
observed something fall in a body, and 
roll to some distance from the heap. He 
followed it to ascertain what it might 
be, when, to his amazement, he saw a 
human skull, in a state of perfect preser- 
vation, lying exposed before him. It 
had sustained no fracture or injury, and 
the teeth were entire and sound. The 
reader may easily imagine, after the pre- 
ceding history, what must have been the 
sensations of the young Ernst, when he 
thus saw for the first time, exposed to 
his deliberate gaze, a human skull freed 
from that cutaneous incasement which 
deprived him of the coveted inspection 
of his own. The first eagerness of exa- 
mination was suddenly checked by an 
irresistible affection of self-interest ; for, 
c 



26 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

after looking at the skull for some ink 
stants in silence, he hesitatingly asked 
the sexton — u Who it belonged tof — * 
" Some young man" answered the sexton, 
" who must have died eighty or a hundred 
yean ago" This reply did not at all bear 
upon the point at which the question was 
aimed ; after another short hesitation, 
therefore, Ernst again inquired — M But 
who does it belong to iww?"—" Belong to?" 
rejoined the sexton, smiling and resting 
on his spade ; " Who do you suppose it 
belongs to? — you, ij 'you like it" Ernst, 
who at the first glance had viewed it both 
as an inestimable treasure and a perquisi- 
torial property of the sexton, could hardly 
believe the words that reached his ears : 
he therefore asked him — " What he had 
said?" and, on the same words being re- 
peated — - exclaiming, *' Thank you ! O 
thank you !" — he, without the loss of a 
moment, seized the skull, and began to 
clear it of the earth that adhered to it, 
or that had become lodged within its 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 27 

cavities ; and spreading his handkerchief 
on the grass, and placing the skull in its 
centre, he gathered the four corners over 
it; and, reiterating his thanks to the 
amused sexton, he set off with an acce- 
lerated pace to his little museum. His 
first step was to convey his new property 
to the pump, under the action of which 
he kept it exercised until he had cleansed 
it from every particle of earth or soil- 
ment; and wiping it dry with the utmost 
care, he triumphantly deposited it upon 
his shelf above the skull of the calf; 
assigning to it the first place in his little 
series of crania. 

The friendship thus commenced with 
the sexton, was not suffered by Ernst to 
die away ; he repaired to him, whenever 
he saw him busied in his functions ; and 
asked him so many questions of an un- 
usual and intelligent nature, as to induce 
the sexton to offer to shew him the 
charnel or bone-house, in which detached 
bones thrown up in grave-digging were 



28 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

commonly deposited. The offer was ac- 
cepted with rapture; and the joy expe- 
rienced by Ernst when that world ot 
wonders was first disclosed to his sight, 
can only be compared with that of Co- 
lumbus, when he first beheld the shores 
of America in his view, and already with- 
in his reach. He flew at every skull in 
succession ; turned them over and over ; 
thrust in his fingers to feel their interior ; 
compared several of them together; and so 
astonished and interested the sexton, thai 
he permitted him to purloin two, the one 
that of a boy of his own age, the other 
that of a young child : to the other bones,, 
he paid little or no attention. 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 29 



CHAPTER HI. 

HIS PUBERTY, ADOLESCENCE, AND 
MANHOOD, 

He had now an important accession to 
his collection ; and his affection for his 
closet daily increased as his ideas be- 
came better arranged and better com- 
bined. In this beloved retreat, which 
commanded, from its eminence, a wide 
extent of forest scenery permeated by the 
course of the Oder, many and many an 
hour was rapturously passed ; and many 
observations were made, of which he then 
but little knew the importance, but which 
formed and established an habit of dis- 
cernment wholly unattainable by any 
who commence their researches in ence- 
phalology at a later period of life, and 
under circumstances less extraordinary 
and less propitious. 



30 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

It has been unnecessary to interrupt 
the narrative, by pointing out to the 
reader the particular affection that sub- 
sisted between Ernst and his maternal 
grandfather. The faculty, in which 
Baron Haupt had raised himself to such 
distinction, naturally caused him to con- 
template his little grandson with enthu- 
siastic fondness ; and the interest which 
he always took in his pursuits, and the 
information which he was able to impart 
to him, made Ernst look forwards to his 
occasional visits, at Hirnsch'adel, as the 
consummation of his happiness. 

But these happy days were now to be 
interrupted. The age that Ernst had 
attained, rendered it necessary that he 
should begin to experience the restraints 
of a school education. He had learned 
reading and writing from his careful 
mother, and had been initiated into the 
first rudiments of Latin by the respected 
pastor of his village ; he was now, for 
the first time, to be separated from his 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 31 

parents, his brothers and sisters, his 
home, and his dearly beloved museum. 
His feelings were tender and affectionate. 
Though making every manly effort to 
suppress those feelings, a starting tear 
would betray the insincerity of the smile 
which he forced upon his countenance 
in the presence of the rational objects of 
his attachment; but, when he took his 
last leave, alone, of his little closet; his 
intimacy with which had been coeval 
with the earliest records of his memory, 
and in the seclusion of which he had 
passed so many hours of the purest and 
most exquisite mental enjoyment that 
his early age could taste; there was 
something in the aspect of his favourite 
objects arranged silently before him, and 
as it w r ere, mutely taking their leave of 
him, that overpowered his feelings, and 
he burst into tears. He had permission 
to lock the door himself, and to carry 
away the key with him ; and he received 
an assurance that the closet should 



32 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

not be entered by any one, until he 
returned at the vacation to open it to 
himself. 

Ernst was between eight and nine years 
of age, when his father placed him in a 
seminary at Kustrin ; with the ulterior 
intention, that at a future period of his 
growth, he should be entered of the ce- 
lebrated university of Frankfort upon 
Oder. He soon fell into all the modes 
and habits of the school; and equally 
acquired the love of his teachers by his 
intelligence, quickness, and docility, as 
of his schoolfellows by his liveliness, 
openness, and unvarying good temper. 
The latter were peculiarly fond of him, 
and took a great delight in calling him 
" Kleine Calvinns," especially when they 
found that he disliked it extremely, being 
bred a staunch Lutheran. Accustomed 
to his own person, and the more so from 
his habit of continually contemplating it 
in a looking-glass, he was perfectly in- 
sensible to the singular appearance of a 



ENCEt»HALOLOGY. 33 

boy, only nine years old, with the bald- 
ness of fourscore and ten, and who never 
wore any covering, either in the house or 
in the field. In vain did they endeavour 
to convince him how much he would be 
improved by wearing a wig formed to 
resemble a natural head of hair ; in vain 
did they appeal to the demonstration of a 
looking-glass ; the arguments of neither 
could reach his organ of conviction. 
Once they persuaded him so try it, and 
shewed him the improvement in the 
glass ; but he could only perceive an 
hideous disfigurement of his person. 
They therefore ceased to importune him, 
and gradually became accustomed to his 
singularity ; and it must be acknow- 
ledged, that, saving the extraordinary 
badge by which Science had 

" mark'd him for her own," 

he was by far the handsomest and finest 
boy in the whole school. 

Six years passed away, during which 
c2 



34 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

he was distinguished by his progress in 
learning, notwithstanding his constant 
prosecution of his first and favourite 
pursuits. His vacations carried him back 
to the scenes of his infant years, which 
were always revisited with delight ; but 
his mind had increased in experience and 
in vigour, and his former objects were 
pursued with wider combinations of 
knowledge, and more elevated views* 
His collection was considerably augment- 
ed ; was arranged with more enlightened 
apprehension of principles ; and, when 
quitted at the calls of duty, was relin- 
quished without the acute sensibility 
which had signalized his first separation 
from it. His thoughts had extended 
themselves from lifeless to living sub- 
jects, and he curiously sought the rela- 
tions between the two. From diversity 
of conformation his mind had travelled 
to diversity of character and disposition ; 
and he had accurately noted each. The 
specimens of his cabinet which he had 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 35 

taken with him to Kustrin, had inspired 
a persuasion that he was no ordinary- 
boy ; and his acute reasonings from 
forms to natures, and reversely, from 
natures to forms, created a consideration 
for him superior to that which is usually 
conferred amongjuvenile contemporaries. 
His schoolfellows readily permitted him 
to examine and compare their crania, 
with a mixed temper of mirth and re- 
spect ; and, as he was a personal friend 
of each, he thoroughly knew all their 
natures and dispositions : but he was 
used repeatedly to say, that if he had not 
been practised and familiarized from his 
earliest infancy in inspecting the internal 
surfaces of crania, so as to have acquired 
an almost intuitive perception of their 
relations to the external, he could never 
have derived any knowledge at all of the 
form of the brain, from the imperfect and 
almost illegible indications of the latter. 
But this knowledge, (which he denomi- 
nated Craniosophy ,) he would playfully 



36 encephalologv. 

add, he drew in with his "mother's milk;" 
for so he denominated brains. 

Six years, therefore, having been well 
employed at Kustrin, his father removed 
him, and placed him in the university of 
Frankfort upon Oder. As it was neces- 
sary that he should now determine his 
future line of study, he did not hesitate, 
notwithstanding his prospective inherit- 
ance of the ancient honours and property 
of the Hirnscbadels, in deciding on that 
of medicine ; to which science he was 
partly inclined from his fond attachment 
to his maternal grandfather, but princi- 
pally because it was most congenial to 
the direction of his own thoughts, and 
opened to him the prospect of accom- 
plishing the great ends which he had al- 
ready in his secret contemplation. But, 
his view of that faculty combined what- 
ever has relation to man, or can affect 
his compound existence ; and more es- 
pecially that part of man in which all 
those relations are concentred; namely, 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 37 

the head. This was a subject, which 
exalted him with enthusiasm ! He was 
convinced, that in the wonders of that 
structure, diversities were reduced into 
unity, and complexities into simplicity ; 
as all the imaginable radii of a circle 
unite and centre in one common and 
indivisible point. He therefore applied 
himself no less ardently to the study of 
the ancient languages, of metaphysics, 
ethics, and jurisprudence, than to that 
of mathematics, anatomy, and every 
branch of medical science and natural 
philosophy ; but, anatomy, positive and 
comparative, especially that of the head, 
was the study which possessed the first 
place in his affections. Nevertheless, he 
attended with equal assiduity the Pro- 
fessors in every department of science 
and learning ; and, with such extraordi- 
nary success, that at the age of twenty- 
one years he was regarded as a sort of 
ambulatory Cyclopedia, no less by his 
seniors than by his own contemporaries. 



38 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

In all those various studies, the origi- 
nality and independence of his mind kept 
him above the servile adoption of any of 
the current theories, however specious 
or alluring; he aimed at a point of truth 
far above the mark to which all those 
theories tend ; and, in receiving the in- 
struction of others, he was engaged in 
maturing the science of which he was 
destined by nature to become at once 
the Author and the Perfecter. It is a 
remarkable circumstance, that in propor- 
tion as he succeeded in accomplishing 
any great object, his disinclination to a 
fleshy diet diminished ; yet he always 
retained his original partiality to the 
" maternal milk," to which he owed all 
his eminence. 

At the age of twenty-three he took 
his degree of M. D. The subject which 
he selected for his thesis was, " The se- 
" par ate and distinct relations of the cere- 
" brum and cerebellum , and of their respec- 
" tive sub-ratios, to the dominant Ratio, or 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 39 

u active principle of the human mind." His 
management of this very difficult ques- 
tion, in an elegance of Latinity wholly 
new to the medical schools of Germany, 
was received with universal admiration 
and unbounded applause ; and the whole 
of his auditory derived a profound con- 
viction, from the impossibility they ex- 
perienced in endeavouring to apprehend 
and follow his argument, that his genius 
was teeming with some vast truth of 
infinite concernment, which would one 
day create an Epocha in Science. 



40 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 



CHAPTER IV. 

HE LEAVES THE UNIVERSITY OF FRANK- 
FORT HIS ELEMENTS OF ENCEPHA- 
LOLOGY. 

Having thus reached the goal, to attain 
which he had been originally called away 
from the scenes of his earliest interests ; 
he contemplated with delight his return 
to them, enriched with the stores of know- 
ledge which he had accumulated during 
the fourteen years of his laborious studies. 
He now languished for a repose, in which 
he could leisurely digest all these, and 
turn them to their account. The allure- 
ments of a populous city, the lustre of 
celebrity, the urgency of friends and ad- 
mirers, were impotent against the attrac- 
tion which fixed the determination of his 
mind : he took his final leave of Frankfort 
with feelings of attachment more than of 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 41 

regret, and re-established himself fixedly 
in the seclusion of his native castle. 

In the preceding year he had sustained 
the loss of his affectionate father; and the 
family mansion, with all its hereditary 
advantages, had now devolved upon him. 
In establishing himself here, he had to 
adapt the ancient dwelling to the recep- 
tion of an extensive library which he had 
gradually formed; of a large and valu- 
able collection of anatomical preparations, 
chiefly of crania and encephali; and of a 
well-appointed apparatus for every branch 
of experimental philosophy. In making a 
new distribution of his apartments for 
these purposes, he carefully included in 
his plan the little retreat of his boyish 
years, in which he would make no altera- 
tion ; preserving it, even with its mimic 
museum. He smiled, when he recollected 
the importance he had once attached to 
the objects which it contained ; but, by 
reviving the feelings which he had there 
enjoyed, it became singularly endeared 



42 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

to him, and he reserved it as a sort of 
adytum, or penetrate, in which his mind 
could most effectually retire into itself 
from the importunities and distractions 
of the external world. 

In the leisure and independence of this 
ample retirement he passed nearly three 
years, constantly engaged in arranging 
and digesting the materials from which 
he was to deduce the great scheme of 
Encephalology which he had so long pro- 
jected; which engrossed all his thoughts; 
and which, as his auditory at Frankfort 
had truly presaged, would form a new 
epocha in science. * At the expiration of 
that period he was nearly prepared to 
enounce his principles, and to unfold and 
display the practical benefits to which they 
necessarily conduct. Of these, I shall 
now give a brief — but, I must apprize the 
reader, a very general and inadequate — 
account; yet, I am persuaded it will be 
such as will dispose him to look forward 
with impatience to the Doctor's great 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 43 

posthumous work, to be printed in 5 vols. 
4to., entitled Corpus Encephalologia. And 
here I must drop the familiar name of 
Ernst ; and the reader must be prepared, 
in the sequel of the history, to recognize 
the object of our past interest in his 
new and dignified character of Doctor 
Hirnschadel, by which title he always 
desired to be distinguished. 

The fundamental points which Dr. 
Hirnschadel considered to be perfectly 
established by extensive induction from se- 
cure and certain premises, are the eleven 
following : — 

1. That, the encephalus, or brain, is the 
primary material instrument by which the 
mind carries on intercourse with the ex- 
ternal world, through the mediation of 
the senses. 

2. That, the brain is an aggregate of 
parts, each of which parts has its special 
and determinate function. 

3. That, as the brain in its totality is 
covered by the entire cranion^ so each of 



44 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

its functionary parts is covered by its own 
particular portion of the cranion. 

4. That, the active principle of each 
functionary part determines, by its growth 
and development in utero and in first in- 
fancy, the figure and size of its own por- 
tion of the cranion constituting its nidus. 

5. That, in consequence of this deter- 
mination of figure and size, the internal 
surface of the cranion corresponds exactly 
with the external surface of the brain. 
But, 

6. That the external surface of the 
cranion does not therefore correspond 
exactly with its internal surface : and in 
numberless instances does not, to com- 
mon inspection, correspond with it at all. 

7. That the size of the internal parts 
is, therefore, not discoverable by simple 
external inspection; and can only be 
ascertained by induction from a laborious, 
long-continued, and accurate examination 
and comparison of many thousand inter- 
nal and external surfaces of crania, com- 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 45 

menced in infancy and continued with- 
out interruption into manhood ; and by 
an habit originating in the keenness 
of sight and delicacy of touch of that 
incipient age. 

8. That, if the size of the nidus pertain- 
ing to any given functionary is too much 
confined, i. e. too small, for the develop- 
ment of the power which the functionary 
strives to unfold, constraint on its faculty 
of development must necessarily result 
from the stubborn and unyielding texture 
of the cranion. 

9. By necessary consequence, that the 
enlargement of size must favour the de- 
velopment and manifestation of each 
functionary power : and reversely, 

10. That reduction of size must equally 
check and repress the action of each 
power. And therefore, 

11. That the great objects of Encepha- 
lology are, 1, to ascertain the seats and 
nidi of the functionary powers of the 
encephalus ; and 2, to enlarge or reduce 



46 EKCEPHALOLOGY. 

the nidi of the cranion, in such manner 
and by such rule as shall most effectually 
promote individual happiness, the welfare 
and security of separate societies, and the 
universal benefit of mankind. 

Such were the vast results, towards 
which we have seen the intellect of Dr. 
Hirnschadel gradually led, as it were by 
the hand of some tutelary genius, even 
from his cradle ; and to produce which, 
the most extraordinary circumstances 
combined and continued, even from the 
the third month of his infancy. 

The different functionary powers or 
organs of the brain which Dr. Hirn- 
schadel found to be established, were in 
number 68 ; all these he denominated 
collectively, ratios, or each, singly, sub- 
ratio. By this symmetrical scheme of 
nomenclature, all the several sub-ratios 
constantly preserved and manifested their 
cognation to, and dependence on, the 
supreme Ratio. He found that they were 
all disposed in a reticular form in each 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 47 

hemisphere, dexter and sinister, of the 
encephalus; divided only by the encephalic 
meridian, drawn from the occipital to the 
frontal poll, to which line they equally 
tend and equally adhere : by which ad- 
mirable economical arrangement no space 
is lost in the encephalus, every sub-ratio 
occupying an equal rhombic area, con- 
terminal with four other ratios or rational 
rhombs. He did not pretend to have 
ascertained the functions of all of these ; 
and therefore, in delineating a net-work 
over a cranion, he only noted those which 
he had established, modestly inscribing 
on the remainder — terra incognita. He 
perfectly ascertained and established, that 
the Ratio Proper, or Dominant Ratio, was 
seated in some unknown point imme- 
diately under the concame-ratio of the 
cranion. 

The origin of the nomenclature which 
he employed, deserves to be historically 
recorded. Dr. Hirnschadel was a great 
reader of Latin ; when, therefore, he had 



48 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

read through all the Latin authors, he 
read through all the Latin translations of 
the Greek ; although he had already read 
them in the original. Whilst prosecuting 
this unusual course of literature, he was 
forcibly struck with two oracular passages 
which presented themselves in the Latin 
translations of Plato and Demosthenes ; 
in which passages he conceived the trans- 
lators presented the point of the authors' 
minds with considerably greater force 
than they themselves had done in their 
own language. In the Rhetoric of Plato 
he thus read — " quod caret ratione ars non 
" est — that which is without a ratio is not 
u an art :" and, in the 1st Olynth. of De- 
mosthenes, he read thus — " multitudo 
ie rationum prudentes expedit, hebetiores 
" intricat et inopes consilii facit — a multi- 
" tude of ratios disembroils the wise, but 
" perplexes and stupifies the dull." These 
passages brought to his recollection the 
dicta of Cicero in his Tusc. " munus animi 
" est ratione uti — it is the proper office of 



To face page i9.] ENCEPHALOLOGICAL TABLE. 




RATIO, 

*POSJTIVA ET DOMINANS. 



'Multitude rationurrJ 



6 

7 

8 

9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 

15 

16 
17 
18 
19 

20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 

30 

31 
32 
33 

34 

35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 



llespi-ratio. 

Vocife-ratio.(twne 28) 

*Vo-ratio. 

Deside-ratio.(co?jetii;eness 8) 

,/r .- f inhabitivenesso } 

Mo*ratio. <{ „ . . J- 

( adhesiveness 4 ) 

Illust*ratio. 

O -ratio. (language 29) 

Ite-ratio. (imitation 33) 

Ope-ratto.( causation 31) 

Arbit-ratio. 

Admi-ratio.(se|f-/o7je 10) 

Vene-ratio.(venerafion 14) 

O btempe-r atio. 

Mig-ratio. 

Conside-ratioJ ~" s ^ ent! ' ousnMS J? J 
{ ideality 17 $ 

Cu-ratio. (cautiousness 1 2) 

Accu-ratio.(wit 32) 

Compa-ratio.(t*owp<m$(m 30) 

*Explo-ratio. 

Decla-ratio. 

Matu-ratio. 

Libe-ratio. 

Figu-ratio.(/brm 20) 

Mensu-ratio.(sizc — space 21 ? 24) 

Nume-rff££o.(mtm&er 27) 

Ponde-rat?o.(we?g7it 22) 

Integ«rat?o. 

* Restau-r atio. 

Supe-ratio, 

r^« «.„**•„ famativeness 
{jene-ratio. < ,., 

(^ philogenitweness 

*Spe-ratio.(hope 15) 

Perseve-ratio. 

Fulgu-ratio. 

o ra ti $ secretiveness 9 

P ' ( individuality 1 9 

Celeb-ratio.(ap/?rooat?o?i 1 1 ) 

Aspi-ratio. 

Administ-ratro. 

*Vigo-ratio.(/irm7zess 18) 

Complo-raffo.(oer2euo/ence 13) 

*Memo-ratio. 

*Agge-rotio.(co??strwctiuniess 7) 




*IR-RATIO, 



RATIO *NEG ATI VA. 

Igno-ratio. 50 

Vib-ratio 49 Er-ratio. 51 

Exagge-ratio. 52 

Asseve-ratio. 53 

Vitupe-ratio, 54 

Deli-ratio. 55 

Obi -rat io. 56 

Exaspi-ratio. 57 

Obscu- ratio. 58 

Exsec-ratio. 59 

Frust-ratio. 60 

Degene-ratio. 61 

(5 combativeness)Be\\ige-ratio. 62 

(6 destructiveness} Lace-ratio. 63 

Despe-ratio. 64 

Conspi-ratio. 65 

*Aufe-ratio. 66 

Augu-ratio* 67 



u 



42 


Lib-7'atio. 


43 


Colo-?-atio.(co/our 23) 


44 


*Terapo-ratio.(time 26) 


45 


Penet-rat?"o. 


46 


Appa-?'atio. 


47 


Susur-ratio. 


48 


Mode-rat io. (order 25) 




■ ■ ■ [Terra Incog.] 



68 Expi-ratzo. 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 49 

" the mind, to make use of the ratio" 
And again, " bene adhibita ratio cernit 
" quod optimum est,neglecta multis impli- 
u catur erroribus — a ratio well applied, dis- 
" cerns what is best; but, neglected, is im- 
" plicated in many errors." He therefore 
determined, in the ordination of his new 
art, to " make use of the ratio" and to 
disembroil all those who may aspire to 
the denomination of wise, by employing 
the u multitude of ratios ;" and he thus 
digested his Table {see Table), according 
to the hint given him by Csesar; "in Ta- 
" bulis nominatim ratio confecta erat — 
" each ratio was arranged in Tables, by 
" name:" but, as he was extremely accu- 
rate, he marked all those ratios with an 
asterisk which he did not discover among 
the writers of the Augustan age. 

It would be unnecessary, and it would 
indeed be impossible, to attempt to give, 
in this " Very Brief Sketch " a full exposi- 
tion of all and each of these numerous 
ratios; I shall therefore only notice a few 

D 



50 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

of them taken at random, as examples : 
upon the principle — "verbum sapienti" — 
a word to the wise: the hebetiores, or dull, 
must wait until the eminent Professors to 
whom Dr. Hirnschadel's heirs have ad- 
dressed themselves, shall have executed 
the arduous task of giving his great work 
to the world ; with an elementary synopsis 
prefixed for their separate use and benefit. 

The iub-ratio which Dr. Hirnschadel 
found to be the first developed of all, is the 
org. respi-ratio, which receives an immedi- 
ate manifestation from the first irruption 
of the external air, at the moment of birth, 
into the pulmonic follis, or lungs ; and is 
as immediately followed by the develop- 
ment of the orgg. vocife-ratio and Ho- 
ratio. The last which declares itself, is 
the expi-ratio ; sympathetically, but only 
momentarily, manifested in the last action 
of the respi-ratio. 

Our encephalologist found, that the in- 
termediate ratios have both a moral and 
a physical operation. Thus the orgg. 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 51 

illust-ratio and obscu-ratio act morally, 
when the mind strives to attain to, or to 
avoid, the evidence of truth, &c. In their 
physical operation they cause wakeful- 
ness, or sleep ; and, in all persons, sound 
in health of body and mind, and comfort- 
able in their circumstances, they act in un*- 
varying alternation, like Castor and Pollux; 
the one being constantly in exercise 
during the day, the other during the 
night. These two organs, or ratios, are 
seated in the last two rhombs traversed 
by the optic nerves. 

The org. vib-ratio, is a very important or- 
gan. It is, in a manner, pendulous between 
the Ratio and *Ir-ratio 9 and has a va- 
cillatory influence on each. When acting 
morbidly and in excess, and not resisted 
or subdued by any salutary ratio, as the 
lib-ratio, its moral operation is perpetual 
hesitation ; endless indecision ; immediate 
conviction by every opposite argument, 
&c. It is the cause of the 5/%a sv8a hcci 
evOa, the " hue atque illuc," the mental 
backward and forward, so well understood 



52 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

by the ancients ; and so beautifully com- 
pared by Homer to a nightingale in the 
dark, perpetually hopping this way and 
that upon a branch : — 

&g , — %AwfW£ oty^m, 

Y}T£ SafACt rpcoTTcoa-a — 

£)<; Hou Efioi AIXA Bv^og ogcopsrai EN© A K.AI 

EN0A.* 
The English Milton poetically alludes to 
the same effect, when he says : — 

" As when two pollar winds, blowing adverse 
Upon the cranion, see together drive, &c. v f 

In its morbid and physical operation, 
this ratio produces various nervous mo- 
tions and twitches, as shaking of the head 
or leg, twiddling with the fingers, playing 
the devil's tattoo, and St. Vitus's dance. 

* Od. xix. 524. 

f Dr. Hirnsch'adel, in his imperfect knowledge of 
English, has quoted erroneously, under an impres- 
sion that the poet was here alluding to his own occi- 
pital and frontal polls ; it is properly, 

u As when two polar winds, blowing adverse 
Upon the Cronean sea, together drive, &c." 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 53 

The org. ite-ratio, in its moral opera- 
tion, is the origin of all habit, whether 
good or bad ; by which, a facility of iterat- 
ing, or repeating the same actions, is ac- 
quired and confirmed. In its compound 
operation, it causes the telling the same 
stories, and asking the same questions, 
over and over again; repeating people's 
last words ; &c. &c. Dr. Hirnschadel 
found this organ remarkably developed 
in the cuckoo. 

The org. gene-ratio, Dr. Hirnschadel 
covertly described in the poetical phrase- 
ology of Lucretius, 

"iEneadumGenetrix! hominum divumque voluptas!" 
" Iulian Mother ! Joy of men and gods !* 

but, he annexed to it this exposition from 
the great Mceonian bard : 

AXXtt <rv y t/otsposvra j^e-re^eo sgya. TAMOIO. 
" Be thine, to bless the works of wedded love V 

He conceived this organ, in man, to 
unite all the delights both of connubial 
and parental love, regarding them to be 



54 ENCEPHALGLOGY* 

inseparably connected, as cause and con- 
sequent : upon this ratio, however, he 
was memorably brief and reserved. 

He moreover discovered the existence 
of very powerful attractive and repulsive 
action between all the sub-ratios; so that 
they are susceptible of various modifica- 
tions, combinations, and disunions of their 
powers, either by the exercise of the org. 
arbit-mtio, or merely by the mechanical 
and fortuitous action of the nib-ratio. 

Thus, the org.vocife-ratio, (which Horace 
calls " et vox et ratio/') when it attracts 
the orgg. nume-ratio and mensu-ratio, be- 
comes the organ of tune ; yet it retains 
the same name in all cases, because all 
tune was vocal until instrumental tune was 
invented by Jubal. 

The org. figu-ratio, or of form, re- 
ceives the minute impressions of the 
forms of visible objects ; and, when it at- 
tracts the orgg. ite-ratio, colo-ratio, and 
ope-ratio, it produces the genius of paint- 
ing, &c. This organ, has not been in 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 55 

memorable development since the time 
of Alexander tbe Great; and little merits 
our consideration, in the ages that have 
succeeded. It was in its perfection, at 
that period, in the cranion of Apelles ; 
who painted a horse so exquisitely, that 
several mares led up to it immediately 
neighed. So says Pliny ; # but Valerius 
Maximus says, it was a horse that neighed 
at a painted mare; and adds, that Apelles 
also painted a bitch at which all the dogs 
barked +. When did Wouvermans ever 
set a horse neighing, or Snyders a dog 
barking? " Apelles also painted things 
" which cannot be painted, as thunder 
'* and lightning — pinxit et qua pingi non 
" possunt, tonitrua, fulgetraque J." This 
ratio, therefore, may be contemplated as 
under the baneful influence of the org. 
degene-ratio from his time. 

The distributed germination of these 
and all the other ratios in their several 

* Lib. xxxv. c. 17. f Lib. viii. c. 11. 

t Pliny, ubi supra. 



56 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

rhombs, bears a remarkable analogy to 
the peculiar dorsal fetations of the Pipa, 
or Bufo of Surinam; which may be re- 
garded as a fortunate illustration, pro- 
vided by nature, of the multitudinous 
conceptions and parturitions of the en- 
cephalic mass : the nascent bufos, admir- 
ably representing the germinating ratios. 
(See Plate,j€g. 3.) 

Having thus, by ascertaining the seats 
and laws of the ratios, obtained the first 
desideratum of encephalology, viz. the 
secure establishment of principles, Dr. 
Hirnschadel proceeded to the second, 
viz. the reducing his principles into bene- 
ficial and efficient practice. He had now 
to engage in the arduous task of disco- 
vering the means of enlarging or reducing, 
as the case might require, the nidi of the 
cranion in which the several functionary 
parts of the brain exercise their energies. 
This was, indeed, a pursuit of no common 
difficulty. It was evident that those 
means must act, in the first instance, on 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 57 

the solid substance of the cranion ; and, 
that unless the cranion could be made to 
yield, neither enlargement nor reduction 
of the nidus could be produced ; and con- 
sequently, no effect could be extended to 
the organ beneath, and encephalology 
must be frustrated of all its beneficent 
results. To clear his ideas upon this 
point, he resorted to a very simple expe- 
riment. He took two beans, which he 
placed in two separate flower-pots, filling 
them with earth till within an inch of the 
rim. Over one of these he placed an 
empty flower-pot, reversed ; and upon 
the other a tile : these he set in pans 
supplied with water. At the expiration 
of twenty days he removed the coverings, 
and great was the difference of the phe- 
nomena which presented themselves to 
his view ! In the first pot, the power of 
manifesting development had experienced 
no obstruction; the young bean ascended 
perpendicularly and vigorously, unfolding 
its proper form and proportions. In the 
d2 



58 ENCEPHALOLOGY* 

second pot, the bean had speedily reached 
the tile ; but, meeting with a resistance 
which its tender efforts were unable to 
overcome, it exhibited all the melancholy 
consequences. Its native power of develop- 
ment, was equal to that of the other; but, de- 
plorable was the effect of that power fruit- 
lessly exerted against the unconquerable 
resistance of the tile. Instead of being 
perpendicular, vigorous, and green, it was 
horizontally tortuous, sickly, and white. 
The conclusion, by analogy, with respect 
to the germination of the organ and the 
resistance of the cranion, was direct and 
demonstrative. By giving elevation, 
therefore, to the encephalic nidus, he 
could invigorate the growth of its internal 
functionary, and increase its expansion ; 
on the other hand, by aiding the natural 
resistance of the cranion, he could en- 
feeble or entirely destroy the func- 
tionary. 

During these meditations, the exten- 
sive combination of his genius caused 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 59 

him to make two observations, resulting 
from the experiment of the bean. 

1. He felt considerable indignation 
against all those empirics who, without 
discrimination of causes and circum- 
stances, regard universally as disease in 
the cranion that affection which is deno- 
minated mollities ; by which, the sub- 
stance and texture of the skull is re- 
duced from its obduracy and obstinacy, 
into a condition of genial and almost 
uterine compliancy. He wished that 
every cranion could be so far reduced to- 
wards a state of regeneration. He viewed 
it as a special favour of nature, by which 
she seemed to say — u now is your time 
* — now is your opportunity — educe the 
u organ you wish, and reduce and indurate 
" the rest." Such favourable cases, how- 
ever, are of the most rare occurrence, and 
cannot be artificially produced. 

2. He equally condemned that undis- 
tinguishing view taken by the same daring 
practitioners, of chronical cephalalgia, or 



60 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

headach; and the course of treatment 
consequently pursued by them, of striv- 
ing at once to allay the pain by extin- 
guishing the cause. He found that, in 
almost all cases, chronical cephalalgia is 
only nature's indication of the germina- 
tion of some ratio of the brain ; and the 
pain is the necessary consequence of the 
resistance of the roof and sides of the 
nidus. No one, therefore, can tell what 
injury may be done, and must have been 
done, to many minds, and therefore to 
society, by a practice tending to check 
and frustrate the natural germination of 
one or more of its organs, and thus blindly 
to render abortive 

" Some heart once pregnant with celestial fire; 
" Hands that the rod of empire might have sway'd* 
" Or wak'd to ecstasy the living lyre !" 

This fact he considered to be brought 
to demonstration by the bean and tile; and, 
if vegetables have sense, (and no one has 
the testimony of experience to prove that 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 61 

they have not,) the bean must have en- 
dured a very acute sense of pain at its 
apex, analogous to cephalalgia. The pain 
of cephalalgia was therefore of the same 
nature as the pain in teething ; and pro- 
ceeds from an inflammatory struggle to 
overcome a resistance. The most fortu- 
nate hypothetical concurrence of circum- 
stances would be, chronical cephalalgia 9 
followed by mollities ; because, we should 
then have indication of germination 
succeeded by the means of immediately 
taking advantage of it: his encephalic 
thermometer being able to determine 
the centre of the rhomb in which the 
ratio was pushing. We should in that 
case have only to reserve that parti- 
cular portion of the cranion ; and to re- 
indurate all the rest, by constant and 
copious impregnations of phosphate of 
lime. Such fortunate circumstances, how- 
ever, never or rarely occur, and cannot, 
therefore, be embraced in a system of 
practice. And he consoled himself with 



62 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

the reflection, that, after all, the great 
benefit they would confer would be only 
a saving of time ; for that, when we had 
once found the means of reducing and 
educing a nidus in the ordinary obduracy 
of the cranion, though the end might 
be more rapidly attained by the natural 
process, it would not be more effectually 
secured than by an artificial one demand- 
ing time and patience. He therefore 
dismissed all thoughts of operating by 
favour of the mollities; and he disposed 
his mind to pursue the course which 
only required a larger expenditure of 
patience and of time. But, how were 
those means to be found ? 

To discover a reducing process, was 
not so difficult. The experiment of the 
tile, appeared to him an oracular notifi- 
cation; that proportionate compressure 
must necessarily, and in a similar man- 
ner, frustrate the efforts of the function- 
ary, and cause it, in a similar manner, to 
dwindle and die away. But, he saw 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 63 

nothing oracular in the inverted flower* 
pot to guide or instruct his genius, in 
the means of affording a similar enlarge- 
ment of space for the development of 
any ratio which he might wish to 
educe. Whilst meditating on this ar- 
duous point, he would often strike his 
forehead ; and, rising from his seat, and 
pacing his chamber, would exclaim to 
himself with strong emotion — " hie la- 
bor ! — hoc opus!" At length, one day, 
it suddenly flashed into his recollection, 
that when he was a boy he frequently 
amused himself with putting a piece of 
lighted paper into a wine-glass, and im- 
mediately closing the orifice with the 
broad palm of his hand ; in which puerile 
amusement, not only the glass adhered 
to the palm, but the surface of the palm 
rose convexly in the vacuum of the glass. 
He immediately renewed the experiment ; 
and repeated it several times with the 
same success. AH the powers of pneu- 
matics, now arose at once to his reflec- 



64 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

tion! He considered, that if an effect 
so decided and well manifested was pro- 
duced by so simple an operation, it might 
be indefinitely increased under the po- 
tent action of an air-pump. He there- 
fore immediately called for Gans, and 
ordered him to work the pump upon the 
palm of his hand. This was immediately 
done, and with such assiduity and vio- 
lence as to cause the Doctor to cry out 
to Gans to desist; who, however, ab- 
sorbed in the function to which he had 
been first directed, did not obey the 
contradictory direction until he had 
received a tangible notification which 
restored him to his auditory faculty. 

The energy and continuance of Gans's 
operation, however, abundantly indem- 
nified the Doctor by the extraordinary 
and sensible evidence of its effect; for, 
whereas he had only felt an inoffensive 
tightness of the skin and superficial flesh 
under the wine-glass, he now experi- 
enced a powerful and distressing attrac- 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 65 

tion reaching to the sinews of the hand, 
and sensible even at the back. He was 
enchanted with his success ! and although 
it was some hours before he regained 
the free use of his hand, yet the very 
intervening incapacitation engendered a 
species of joy, which none can conceive 
but those primary geniuses who are des- 
tined by nature to engender and origi- 
nate a perfect novelty. He next made 
the experiment, with great caution, upon 
a point of his cranion ; having a switch 
in his hand, by which to communicate 
with the perceptions of Gans. He found 
the action very powerful during the ope- 
ration; and he perceived, that by im- 
mediately substituting the wine-glass, the 
effect was moderately but sensibly pro- 
longed. 

He reflected upon the necessary con- 
sequence of that same action, carefully, 
but regularly, continued. He tried it, 
with violence, on several dried skulls, 
which presently cracked under the ope- 



66 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

ration. He then tried it, very gently 
and very considerately, on the heads of 
numerous animals recently killed, and re- 
plete with their fluids ; until at length, after 
various skilful experiments, he completely 
succeeded in ascertaining the precise de- 
gree of force which was sufficient for just 
soliciting a flexible upward tendency of 
the fibrous substance of the living cranion, 
without imparting to it any injury; and 
which might be retained and encouraged, 
by the mere application of the wine-glass 
or common vacuum. 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 67 



CHAPTER V. 

HE REDUCES HIS PRINCIPLES TO PRAC- 
TICE HIS HEJIRA. 

He was now in possession of two simple 
powers, compress and vacuum, equal to 
every end and object of encephalic prac- 
tice. He thus found himself placed in 
the most enviable position in which man 
ever stood ! He saw, in his prospect, 
every evil tendency of the mind vanish, 
and every valuable faculty rise into vi- 
gour, at his command. He had gained 
for himself a province, which embraced 
the final objects of all philosophies, phy- 
sical and moral ; and he had brought 
them all within his grasp, as entirely as 
he who turns the handle of an organ is 
master and producer of all its varieties 
of tune. Conscious of the purity and 
benevolence of his own heart, he blessed 



68 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

Heaven that such a power, as dangerous 
by abuse as beneficial by use, had not 
fallen to the lot of any other individual ; 
and he revelled in the honest ambition 
of effecting a revolution amongst the 
nations of Christendom, that should per- 
fect their morals, exalt their genius, and 
extinguish all their animosities. 

But he determined, first, to operate 
upon his own cranion ; not only that he 
might be more intimately acquainted 
with, and more competent to record ac- 
curately, the progress of the two pro- 
cesses ; but he thought that he was 
justly entitled to take the first benefit of 
his own discovery, and thus to gain a 
long step before all others, so that he 
could never afterwards be overtaken. It 
was therefore his determination to se- 
clude himself from his family and the 
world during a space of two years, dur- 
ing which time he should subsist under 
the constant influence of his compress 
and vacuum; so that the ratios upon 
which he directed them should be re- 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 69 

spectively perfected in suppression and 
development, before any other persons 
should begin to derive the benefits of his 
discovery. 

He had therefore to determine, on 
which ratio he should place the com- 
press, and on which the vacuum. His 
system had always been nervously ex- 
citable by every novel or remarkable 
object or circumstance ; and though his 
temper was never affected, yet his own 
internal comfort was constantly disturbed 
by repeated calls from a composure 
which he regarded as the summum bonum 
of life. Feeling this to be the point in 
which his own personal enjoyment was 
principally concerned, he was more than 
ever struck, at opening accidentally on 
those lines of Horace in which that great 
practical moralist affirms : 
" Nil admirari prope res est una, Numici, 
" Solaque quae ipossitfacere et servare beatumP 

M To lead a happy life if thou desire, 
" Numicius ! cease for ever to admire" 



70 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

The truth of this maxim came upon 
his mind with peculiar force; he was 
profoundly convinced of its justness; and 
he resolved to fix a very strong compress 
upon his turbulent org. admi-ratio. He 
was next to consider where he should 
establish the vacuum; and running his 
eye down his column of ratios, it stopped 
at the org. aspi-ratio. He had ascer- 
tained, that the inspiration of genius was 
always in direct proportion to the deve- 
lopment of this sub-ratio. This organ 
was therefore definitively fixed upon to 
receive the benefit of the vacuum; and 
he resolved to afford it that space in 
elevation, which its natural limits would 
not permit in any other direction. He 
now made several preparations for his 
projected journey, unknown to his mo- 
ther and her family ; who still resided 
with him, and whom he would never 
suffer to quit the paternal dwelling. 

But, it is necessary that the reader 
should make acquaintance with Gans; 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 71 

who was to form the only companion of 
Dr. Hirnsch'adel during the biennial 
term of his mysterious retreat. After 
the Doctor's final return from the Uni- 
versity of Frankfort, and his establish- 
ment in the hereditary mansion; he found 
it necessary to add to his household a 
servant, who should attend him in the 
prosecution of his scientific pursuits. In 
seeking for an individual on whose assi- 
duity, intelligence, and expertness so 
much was to depend, he proceeded with 
great caution ; minutely inspecting every 
cranion that presented itself for his ser- 
vice, in order to read the qualities and 
dispositions that lurked within. Many 
were examined, and rejected; in some, 
very objectionable ratios were strongly 
developed; in others, the desirable or- 
gans, though tolerably well developed, 
were counteracted or neutralized by the 
development of adverse ratios. During 
this perplexity, his eye chanced to fall 
upon a youth of nineteen, of his own 



72 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

village, whom he had not before noticed, 
but who now strongly fixed his atten- 
tion. The cranion of this youth, whose 
name was Yacob Gans, was remarkable, 
not for the development of this or that 
organ, but for the total absence of all 
development. Its superficies was as 
orbicularly level as that of a terrestrial 
globe ; and Dr. Hirnschadel declared, 
that he had never seen so fine and uni- 
form a concame-ratio of the united organs, 
even in a fatus. F? regarded this phe- 
nomenon as a virgin cranion placed at 
his disposal, to receive its first develop- 
ment from him ; in such manner, and by 
such rules, as he himself should deter- 
mine. He viewed it as a ball of wax 
which he might mould to his own de- 
signs ; he therefore took him into his 
service to attend his library, dissecting- 
room, and laboratory : but, Gans's cra- 
nion was made of any thing but wax. 
He was a very good-natured creature; 
and always wore a smile, which, though 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 73 

always unintelligent, was always inoffen- 
sive. As no ratio was developed, so the 
manifestation of any was not expected 
by his equitable master, whose good 
temper submitted to present inconve- 
nience, in prospect of the advantages he 
should derive from his own eductions 
from the virgin cranion ; but which, for a 
long time, he had not leisure to com- 
mence. The only ratios which appeared 
to give promise of future, though with- 
out any actual development, were the 
orgg. ite-ratio, ponde-ratio, vigo-ratio, 
and vene-ratio. If he was ordered to do 
any thing for a particular occasion, he 
would continue to do the same, though 
the occasion had ceased, until specially 
ordered to desist ; and he placed a china 
dish on a table, with the same measure 
of force with which he would set a loaded 
trunk on the floor. His strength was 
extraordinary for his years; and his 
obedience to his master seemed as in- 
stinctive as that of his poodle to himself. 

E 



74 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

The orgg. conside-ratio and matu-ratio, 
were as yet totally dormant. Dr. 
Hirnsch'adel proposed to take advan- 
tage of the leisure of his approaching 
retirement, to execute his operations on 
Gans's ratios, as well as on his own. 

All things being ready for his biennial 
seclusion, he set out with Gans in a 
morning of the month of May ; without 
any other attendant, or any other com- 
munication to his family, than that he 
was going to make an excursion of some 
weeks into Silesia ; but, not having any 
preconcerted plans, he could fix no place 
to which they could direct letters to him, 
after Breslaw. He requested them, at 
the same time, to be under no apprehen- 
sion concerning him, if his absence should 
be extended beyond the time he had 
named ; and he assured them, that they 
should hear from him regularly, at least 
every month. After loitering a short 
time on the frontier of Saxony, he tra- 
versed Silesia longitudinally, by the line 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 75 

of the Oder; and entering Galicia, fol- 
lowed the base of the Carpathian moun- 
tains until he reached a small retired 
village at their foot, near Jaczinow, equi- 
distant from the frontiers of Hungary and 
Moldavia. This quiet and sequestered spot 
afforded, in every respect, such a retreat 
as he sought ; and he took up his abode 
in the house of a respectable farmer. 
Finding his situation very comfortable in 
this family, he made arrangements with 
the farmer and his wife, for his permanent 
residence with them ; for, though his 
baldness and bareness never failed at first 
sight to operate repulsively, yet bis 
countenance, deportment, and conver- 
sation speedily exercised so powerful an 
attraction, that no one ever parted from 
him without experiencing a very sincere 
regret. 

After a lapse of four or five days, 
which were devoted to rest, and as many 
more to the ordering and cleaning of his 
apparatus, he began to put himself under 



76 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

the permanent discipline of his compress 
and vacuum. He had brought with him 
a portable air-pump of his own invention, 
of strong power and most curious con- 
struction, adapted to act upon the rhombic 
form of each ratio, or, more properly 
speaking, of their nidi. His own compress 
consisted of a piece of solid gold, shaped 
to the ratio, and weighing three ounces : 
it was confined in a band which sur- 
rounded the cranion ; and when fixed in 
its place, was secured by a tourniquet, 
which received a slight turn every morn- 
ing, at first rising : at which period, the 
doctor found the texture of the cranion 
to be more compliant than at any other 
hour of the day. This compress had 
been made under his own direction, by 
an ingenious artist of Kustrin, from two 
watch-cases and a pair of shoe-buckles, 
long hereditary in the family ; and he 
thought, that he could not pay a higher 
tribute of respect to his ancestors who 
wore them, than by exalting them to the 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 77 

elevated office to which he had now 
destined them. The vacuum consisted of 
a vessel of the finest flint glass, with a 
rhombic orifice, three inches high, each 
inch divided into 30°, and graduated up- 
wards on the outside, zero being exactly 
on a level with the actual surface of the 
nidus. The air-pump was exercised 
every morning, at the compliant season 
above mentioned, upon each nidus, until 
the effect became somewhat distressing, 
in order gradually to supple the obduracy 
of the cranion ; after which, the compress 
and the vacuum were carefully affixed to 
their respective organs. To lengthen the 
adhesive effect of the vacuum, and to 
prevent its too frequent renewal, its rim 
was fixed to a piece of thick leather well 
soaked to resist the intrusion of the 
external air; and an assortment of these 
standing in a pan of water, together with 
a lamp, were always ready at hand to 
replace each as they became detached. 
Thushelmeted, our encephalologist passed 



78 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

his days ; absorbed into his own feel- 
ings, lest any cephalic symptom or sen- 
sation should escape his notice, and fail 
of due recordation. 

He had also commenced his operations 
upon Gans ; in order to which, the head 
of the latter had been very closely shaved. 
The preventive compress which he had 
contrived for it, consisted of calculated 
proportions of lead and zinc. Being un- 
able himself to undertake the violence of 
the manual pneumatic exercise, lest he 
should displace or disturb his own attach- 
ments, he could only fix the instruments ; 
and a servant of the farmer was employed 
as the active operator. As the effect of the 
operation was always very speedily sensi- 
ble to his own head, he was extremely ten- 
der of the feelings of his co-patient, and 
cautioned the operator not to proceed with 
inconsiderate violence. After some mi- 
nutes of pneumatic exhaustion, he asked 
Gans " How he did?" To which Gans re- 
plied, " That he teas very well" The 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 79 

doctor then directed the operator to 
increase the force of the action, until 
Gans should bid him desist, or should 
evince by his countenance some emotion 
of distress. When the operation had been 
gently continued for nearly a quarter of an 
hour, the doctor, who began to be alarmed, 
asked Gans " what he felt V Gans, to 
whose perception the action had been 
only a soothing undulatory motion exciting 
somnolency, and who was fallen into a 
doze, made no reply ; but being roused, 
and the question repeated, he s&id," that he 
"felt nothing" This insensibility a good 
deal perplexed the doctor ; he imagined, 
that it must result from the perfection, and 
consequently the strength, of the arch 
of the concame-ratio. He therefore direct- 
ed the operator to cease for the present. 
The same attempt was repeatedly made 
to rouse the sensibility of the cranion of 
Gans, but always with the same ill 
success ; which became a source of very 
unseasonable disquietude to the doctor, 



80 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

under his own personal circumstances. 
Another source of disappointment was 
the rapid growth of Gans's hair. Though 
closely shaved away, in forty-eight hours 
it began to spring again with such luxu- 
riancy and such bristly strength, as to 
have unseated the vacuum, had an occa- 
sion for its application been produced. 
The doctor, therefore, after many infruc- 
tuous attempts, deemed it expedient, to 
postpone still further the evocation of 
Gans's encephalic functionaries, until he 
should obtain sufficient leisure after his 
return to Saxony ; and to confine all his 
attention, whilst he remained in Galicia, 
to the superior importance of his own 
case. 

Nearly six months had elapsed, before 
Dr. Hirnsch'adel perceived any notable 
change ; but, about that period, although 
the compressed organ remained stationary, 
and the solicited organ kept its level with 
zero, yet he began to feel a composure 
amidst the incidents of the day to which 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 81 

he had hitherto been a stranger ; and, at 
the same time, a brightness and facility 
of mental conception, which diffused a 
correspondent brightness over his coun- 
tenance. These were sure prognostics of 
ultimate success ; and this internal notice 
of consummating development, inspired 
him with the patience requisite for await- 
ing the dilatory period of its complete 
manifestation. It was not until the ap- 
proach of the following spring, that the 
long desired evidence revealed itself dis- 
tinctly to the eye. On looking attentively 
at the scale on the vacuum before a win- 
dow, with a looking-glass in each hand, 
Dr. Hirnschadel clearly perceived, by the 
angle of vision, that the surface of the 
nidus must have risen eight degrees 
above zero. In the mean time, the com- 
press required another twist of the tour- 
niquet to keep it quite firm in its place. 
He joyfully called Gans to witness the 
declared elevation of the ratio; but 
Gans, after staring some time in all 
e2 



82 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

directions, declared, " that he could see 
" no change at all ;" nor was he able to 
discern any, until it had risen upwards of 
half an inch. The great effort, however, 
was now made, and the great obstacle 
was now overcome. Nature was called, 
or rather forced into action, according to 
new laws ; and the progress which was 
so tardy in its commencement, was no 
less rapid in its advance. An accurate 
register was kept by Dr. Hirnschadel, of 
the changes of the two organs ; and, 
whereas, it had been sufficient at first to 
note them twice in the month, it became 
requisite at last to mark them three times 
in the week. 

The aspi-ratio having, at length, ac- 
quired the development which Dr. Hirn- 
schadel's internal indications pointed out 
to him to be sufficient, the air-pump was 
discontinued. The enlarged nidus was well 
soaked, several times in the day, with 
pledgets saturated with a strong solution 
of phosphat of lime, to confirm its sub- 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 83 

stance ; and, in the intervals, the vacuum 
was affixed, to secure its form. 

It is unnecessary to follow our ence- 
phalologist more minutely through each 
year of his bienniurn ; suffice it to record, 
that at the expiration of that term, suc- 
cess had realised his warmest hopes. It 
was now the question of returning. 
During the period of his absence, he 
never informed his family of his actual 
residence ; and, in supplying them with 
monthly assurances of his good health, 
he employed no other date than "from 
" the Carpathian mountains;" so that he 
had received no tidings from them, since 
he first passed through Breslaw. But, the 
almost magic effect of the reduction of the 
org. admi-ratio, caused him to endure that 
long silence with the most perfect equa- 
nimity. 



84 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 



CHAPTER VL 

HE RETURNS TO SAXONY — DISPLAYS 
HIS PRACTICE — PREPARES TO DELI- 
VER HIS LECTURES BECOMES FIRST 

ACQUAINTED WITH THE WORKS OF 
GALL AND SPURZHEIM — HIS OBSER- 
VATIONS UPON THEM. 

He now set out on his return to Saxony; 
pursuing the same road by which he had 
left it, as being best adapted to the org. 
ite-ratio of Gans. When he was within a 
few miles of his home, he halted for half a 
day, and sent Gans forward to apprize his 
family of his arrival; but, more especially, 
to prepare them for the great change they 
were about to witness in his person : at the 
same time, giving him full and minute in- 
structions how he should proceed in that 
delicate service, and what he should say. 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 85 

Gans arrived in the village about noon; 
and his unexpected presence, as he passed 
along, excited the most animated interest. 
Every individual accosted him, and fol- 
lowed him with questions concerning his 
master ; but he so far punctually obeyed 
his instructions, as to speak to no one 
before he had communicated with the 
family. When he arrived at the castle, 
all was presently agitation and dismay. 
The appearance of Gans without his mas- 
ter, struck the whole family with a chill 
of horror ; especially, as a long and terri- 
ble pause ensued, whilst Gans waited for 
them to inquire, and they waited for 
Gans to report : during which interval 
they earnestly gazed on each other. 
Nor was that affection at all relieved by 
a smile which Gans had assumed of more 
than usual significancy ; for they knew 
that he always wore a smile even under 
circumstances the most mournful, so that 
little comfort could be derived, on the 
present occasion, from that expression. 



86 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

At length, one of the family ventured, 
hesitatingly, to ask after his master; to 
which Gans laconically replied — " He's 
" coming" Encouraged by this informa- 
tion, another eagerly inquired — " Is he 
" well?" to which Gans emphatically an- 
swered, with a grin — "Yes, he's well." 
The emphasis thrown upon the last word, 
seemed to betoken something mysteri- 
ous; and he was again asked — " Is any 
" thing the matter?" to which Gans an- 
swered, with the same countenance — 
"You'll see!" Great was the anxiety 
awakened by this answer, and endless 
the questions vociferated around him to 
extort a fuller and more definite replica- 
tion ; but, none of these produced any 
effect upon the imperturbable Gans, who, 
without being hurried or disconcerted, 
only iterated, with the same grin, the same 
unsatisfying answer — " You'll see — You'll 
" see!" After many wearisome and appre- 
hensive hours of impatience and watch- 
ing, Dr. Hirnschadel at length arrived 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 87 

once more at the baronial door ; at which, 
all the members of the family and house- 
hold were congregated in a cluster. The 
reader will remember, that our encepha- 
lologist never wore any covering to his 
head ; when, therefore, he appeared in the 
court of the castle elevated upon his 
steed, the prediction of Gans was punctu- 
ally fulfilled: they did see — that which 
filled them with horror and alarm ! The 
liberated organ had acquired a prominence 
something like a wen; whilst the de- 
pressed organ exhibited an indenture, as if 
a portion of the skull had been extracted 
by the operation of the trepan ! Their 
imaginations at once beheld, in< all of 
these, monuments of dangers which he 
had encountered in the Carpathian moun- 
tains ; and their agonies were presently 
interrupted by a raging curiosity to hear, 
all at once, the details of his conflicts 
with robbers, his slavery among the Turks 
of Moldavia, and his fortunate escape 
from their thraldom. They had the hap- 



88 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

piness, however, of seeing him in perfect 
health ; and the extraordinary characters 
of placidness and augmented brilliancy 
combined in his countenance, manner, 
and conversation, were not tardy in fix- 
ing their observation and exciting their 
admiration. They chided him for the 
length of his absence, the mystery of 
his retirement, and the consequent misery 
he had caused to their affections ; but he 
playfully over-ruled all their rebukes, 
saying, that he had only had his Hejira, 
like Mahomet, and that it would prove 
of no less benefit to his science, than it 
had been to the religion of the false 
prophet. By degrees, he put them in 
full possession of his whole history ; and 
convinced them, that his cranion had ex- 
perienced no other violence than that of 
his own compress and vacuum, and, that 
it had never been subjected to the sway 
of any other despot than that of the 
dominant Ratio resident within. 

The intelligence of his return was soon 



# 



ENCEPHALOI,OGY. 89 

bruited abroad ; and many came to visit 
him from Kustrin. Many also of his 
scientific friends of Frankfort-upon-Oder, 
anxiously repaired to his castle ; and the 
village below, could with difficulty furnish 
accommodation for the overflow of those 
who came with the determination of 
making a long sojourn, that they might 
reap the earliest harvest of the instruction 
which he had now qualified himself to 
impart, and that they might witness the 
wonderful effects of his new and mira- 
culous practice. 

To introduce a catalogue of all the cases 
of its triumphant success, would be inter- 
minable, and consequently, could not be 
attempted in so brief an account as this; I 
shall, therefore, only instance one or two. 
The first case which he undertook after 
his return, was that of a notorious scold, 
who was the torment of the village ; and 
in whom the orgg. obi-ratio, vitupe-ratio, 
vocife-ratio, and exec-ratio, had grown in 
frightful coequality. Her relations placed 



90 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

her at the entire disposal of Dr. Hirn- 
schadel ; and in less than eight months he 
had the satisfaction of totally suppressing 
the first two and the last of those ratios ; 
of considerably reducing the second ; and 
of educing into crescent manifestation, 
the orgg. mode-ratio, vene-ratio, and susur- 
ratio. In a distressing case of lunacy, 
he had equal success in reducing, by a 
powerful compress, the orgg. deli-ratio 
and despe-ratio ; and of calling into supe- 
rior manifestation, the Must-ratio, *spe- 
ratio, and accu-ratio. 

After twelve months, which he took to 
prepare and arrange all his materials, he 
disposed himself to deliver those Lectures 
on the Principles and Practice of E?icepha- 
lology, which he had so long projected ; 
of which he had already disclosed the 
Elements; and to attend which, the cele- 
brity of his name had now drawn together 
such numbers, as to render his little vil- 
lage of Hirnschadel a congress of some 
of the most enlightened persons of the 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 91 

neighbouring cities and universities of 
Germany and Poland. 

It was exactly at this critical period, 
when he was on the point of commencing 
his course of Encephalology , and whilst his 
auditors were on the tiptoe of expecta- 
tion, that Dr. Hirnschadel first became ac- 
quainted with the names and writings of 
the Doctors Gall and Spurzheim. The 
reputation of Dr. Gall had travelled with 
such impetuous velocity in the parallel 
of Vienna westward, to Paris, and from 
thence to London, that it was not until 
its return from the latter parallel eastward, 
into Germany, that it reached the seclud- 
ed abode of our noble encephalologist ; 
having attracted that of Dr. Spurzheim, 
in the way. He now received their re- 
spective works ; which were transmitted 
to him by one of his early disciples, who 
had travelled to Paris, and from thence 
into England. He opened them with 
a palpitating eagerness, his modesty 
prompting him to look on their arrival 



92 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

at this particular moment, as a myste- 
rious favour of fortune; and he embraced 
them as the means of adding extensively 
to his own knowledge, without the 
slightest affection of jealousy arising 
from the discovery, that those distin- 
guished men had already entered a line 
of pursuit which he had opened for him- 
self, and which, by his single genius, he 
had prosecuted to its ultimate termina- 
tion. He immediately suspended the 
commencement of his Lectures for a 
month ; in order that he might enrich 
them with the new and important truths, 
which his candour and humility convinced 
him he should find in the writings of 
those authors. He passed many entire 
days in reading, studying, and pondering 
over their works ; during which time his 
words and his countenance were curi- 
ously watched by those who were nearest 
him. Nothing, however, could be col- 
lected from the former; but, the latter 
was observed to wear an expression of 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 93 

very considerable disappointment. At 
length, on finishing the last work, he was 
secretly perceived to lay the book very 
deliberately on his table ; and, in a mood 
of mental absorption, and with a smile of 
unsarcastic dissatisfaction, to exclaim in 
the words of the Egyptian priest to 
Solon — aei Trades ears — <c Ye are still but 
"children!" 

As he had rendered himself com- 
pletely master of the principles and 
doctrines of those writers, his opinion 
respecting them was eagerly sought by 
his numerous auditors ; but he artfully 
avoided expressing any positive opinion, 
feeling it a very delicate point to give 
judgment in a question in which he was 
a party so deeply interested ; and fearing, 
lest any condemnation which he might 
be drawn to pronounce, should be as- 
cribed to a motive abhorrent to his 
nature. Urged, however, very strongly 
by some of his senior auditors, to say, 
generally, what he thought of them ? he 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

replied, after a short consideration : — 
" Why, good — very good; but — little — 
" very little : good, as far as they go ; but 
" they g° so little a way, that it is tanta- 
" mount to not going at all." Some of his 
auditors, in their zeal, were forward in 
pointing out, that he was the first to 
open this peculiar field of science ; but 
he repressed them at once, by saying, 
that the question of priority is as uncer- 
tain as it is unimportant ; that two minds 
may separately and independently hit 
upon a truth which offers itself equally 
to all ; that the first man who cut down 
a tree is undoubtedly the author of cabi- 
net-making 5 and, that as Drs. Gall and 
Spurzheim preceded him in print, he 
cheerfully surrendered to them all the 
benefit they could derive from that typo- 
graphical priority. Some ventured to 
suggest, that these learned Doctors had 
surreptitiously derived their fundamental • 
principles from him ; but he repelled this 
suggestion with indignation, affirming, 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 95 

that if they had derived their principles 
from him, it was quite impossible they 
should have halted where they did, and 
not have pursued them to a common 
issue with him ; and therefore, the infruc- 
tuosity of their principles, in consequence 
of their early suppression of their pro- 
gress, was demonstration that they had 
drawn them only from their own genius. 

Averse, however, as he was to pro- 
nounce a judgment upon those authors, 
and ingenious in finding the means of 
evading it; the period of the opening of 
his Lectures was now at hand, when he 
could not, with consistency or propriety, 
indulge any longer his reserve. He 
owed to his auditory, to himself, and to 
his science, to enter into a full comparison 
of the doctrines of the Cranion and Phren, 
propounded by those Doctors, with that 
of the Encephalus, which he himself was 
preparing to unfold. He felt the full 
force and reason of the obligation which 
was now imposed upon him ; and there- 



96 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

fore, when the path of duty became dis- 
tinctly marked out to his intelligence, he 
determined to do effectually, what at the 
same time he felt he could not do other- 
wise than very reluctantly. He there- 
fore declared his disapprobation of the 
doctrines of Gall and Spurzheim, in th6 
following energetic manner. 

In the first place; he dwelt on the 
vacillatory, and very opposite denomina- 
tions given by them and their school to 
one and the same science, sometimes de- 
nominating it from the cr anion, (crani- 
ology,) sometimes from the phren, (phren- 
ology) ; by which oscillation of the vib- 
ratio, they missed, without being aware 
of it, the proper object of their own sci- 
ence, which was neither the cranion nor 
the phren. The object they both sought 
was the encephalus or brain, lying between 
the two ; yet, they sometimes named their 
science after the case which contained it, 
and sometimes after the unattainable 
agent that uses it for its instrument: 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 97 

thus evidently betraying, in the first in- 
stance, an unfixedness of first principles. 
He compared it to taking shelter from the 
cold of the North Pole in the cold of the 
South Pole, without perceiving the equa- 
torial and temperate regions that lie be- 
tween. He would say, that one hit on 
one side of the nail, and the other on the 
other side, whereas Encephalology hits it 
directly on the head. 

He objected next, that they describe 
circular figures, of arbitrary forms and 
sizes, over the whole cranion, calling them 
organs, all which they number; but, need- 
ing more organs than the circular figures 
can supply, they equally denominate or- 
gans all the figures accidentally described 
by the interstices between these : without 
inquiring, first, directly or by analogy, 
whether there is any evidence that a 
portion of the encephalic organs are cir- 
cular ; and next, whether other organs 
obediently conform themselves to the 
waste spaces left between the circular 



98 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

figures : whereas, the rhombic figures which 
he described, (see pi. fig. 1.) left no waste 
spaces, and rendered the forms similar in 
all; which was far most agreeable to, and 
best supported by, the economy and uni- 
formity of nature. At the same time, 
he rendered them the justice of acknow- 
ledging ; that they have correctly, and 
most perfectly, preserved the natural 
analogy to the dorsal gestations of the 
Bufo Surinamensis. (see pi. fig. 2 and 
3 ; and Shaw's Zoology, vol. iii. p. 167.) 

He observed, that after describing only 
33 organs, they already found an organ 
and a figure for every inch of the cranion ; 
as if they had exactly embraced, in that 
number, every faculty, disposition, and 
propensity of the human mind : so that 
all organs to be hereafter discovered in 
the progress of the science, must neces- 
sarily find all the places previously en- 
gaged. Whereas, though he had ascer- 
tained more than twice that number of 
organs, yet, much space still remains for 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 99 

future investigation ; in all that range 
which he has denominated, the terra in- 
cognita of the cephalic globe. 

All their 33 organs are lumped together, 
without exhibiting the slightest attention 
to the fundamental distinction of cerebrum 
and cerebellum ; so that, by their undistin- 
guishing delineation or mapping of the 
cranion, it would appear as if its contents 
were either all cerebrum or all cerebellum ; 
whereas, the distinction of these is 
scrupulously noted in his reticulation, 
and is essential in the science of Ence- 
phalology. 

The assumption, that each of the senses 
has ttvo organs, merely because each has 
two nerves, is preposterously to assume, 
that two nerves cannot possibly meet in 
a common and indivisible point of termi- 
nation; which is the same as to assume, 
that no two sides of a triangle can meet in 
a common point, and therefore, that there 
is, in fact, no triangle. But, the con- 
sciousness of unity of impression ultimately 



100 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

received from the two nerves, (which unity 
they themselves admit,) is a far more de- 
cisive proof of the unity of organ, than 
the visible duality of nerves in their pro- 
gress can be, of the duality of organ. 

Whilst enforcing this argument, he took 
occasion to digress to a very curious 
point respecting the animal frame in ge- 
neral; in order to shew, how ready the 
mind is to assume duality, in a case of 
the most absolute unity. We familiarly 
speak of flexor muscles, and extensor 
muscles ; until, because we bend the 
arm and extend the arm, we assume 
that we exercise two different powers — 
in the one case a bending power, and in 
the other case an extending power ; and yet, 
the mechanical power which the animal 
frame, whether human or brute, exerts or 
can exert, is absolutely one, and one only, 
viz., the power of contraction. By the 
exercise of this single power, in various 
muscles previously disposed with infinite 
skill, and directed and attached to differ- 



ENCEPHALOLOGY, 101 

«nt parts of an equally skilful osseous 
structure and machinery, (in which exer- 
cise we are unconsciously in course of edur 
cation from the first instant of birth,) the 
opposite effects of flexure and extension, by 
which limbs are moved and bodies pro- 
pelled, are produced ; but, the author of 
this diversity of effect, is the author of 
the frame ; we ourselves, are only con- 
tractors of its muscles. Whoever will feel, 
with ordinary attention, the inner muscles 
<of his arm when he bends the limb, and 
the outer muscles when he extends it, 
will be sensible, that all he does is to ex- 
ercise a similar contractile action in both 
cases ; and the flexion and extension that 
follow are in no other way attributable 
to himself, than that he pulls, as it were, 
a string on one side, and the arm-bone is 
previously prepared to come in by the 
hinge of the joint ; and he pulls a string 
on the other side, and the arm-bone is 
previously prepared to go out by the same 
hinge. It is thus that all manual ope- 
rations are achieved ; it is thus that a man 



102 ENCEPHALOLOGY, 

walks, and that a horse scours over a 
plain ; viz., by successive and balancing 
contractions. Opposite muscles, therefore, 
only balance each others contractile action. 
If that action is exerted beyond a certain 
point, the balance is impaired or de- 
stroyed. Of this we see a moderate effect 
in the string-halt of horses ; and we feel 
it, in violent effect, in cramp or spasm. 
Perhaps a more curious or awful subject 
could not be scrutinized, than the laws 
and limits of voluntary and involuntary 
contraction. As, therefore, we can trace 
the two opposite effects of our motions to 
one and the same action, so we may trace 
the two nerves of the senses to one and 
the same organ ; and, in both cases, by 
the unity of consciousness. 

These are some of the general objections 
which Dr. Hirnsch'adel opposed to the 
Ologies of Drs. Gall and Spurzheim : he 
next took an argumentative review of the 
three principles which constitute the " Out- 
u line of their System." 

" The principal points/' say those 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 103 

teachers, "which are conceived to be 
% established, are the following :" 

" 1. That the brain is the material 
" instrument by means of which the mind 
" carries on intercourse with the external 
" world. 

a 2. That the brain is an aggregate of 
** parts, each of which has a special and 
" determinate function. 

" 3. That the form of the brain can be 
"ascertained by inspecting the cranium; 
" and that the functions of the several 
" parts may be determined by comparing 
" the size with the power of manifesting 
" the mental faculties." 

These propositions, embrace all the 
fundamental principles of the Cranion 
and Phren. 

Now, Dr. Hirnschadel acknowledged, 
that the 1st and 2d of these propositions 
are almost verbatim the same as his own ; 
only, they are expressed with less refection 
and less precision. But then, a jump is 
made (over his 2d, 3d, and 4th, which im- 
mediately flow from the former two,) in 



104 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

order at once to reach a 3d; which is con- 
sequently defective and erroneous, bat 
which, nevertheless, concludes their Sys- 
tems, It is affirmed in these proposi- 
tions, 1st, That the form of the brain can 
be ascertained by inspecting the cranion, 
that is, its external surface : and 2d, that 
the functions of its parts may be deter- 
mined by " comparing the size" (of what ? 
for it is not stated ; but, we must suppose, of 
the nidi,) " with the power of manifesting 
" the mental faculties." 

The first of these affirmations, is posi- 
tively contrary to fact. Unless the external 
surface exactly and always represented its 
internal surface, (which most certainly it 
does not,) it could not enable us, of itself, 
to ascertain the form of the brain. It is 
not, therefore, by mere external inspection 
that this knowledge can ever be obtained ; 
it is only by acquiring an ability to infer 
the internal surface from the external; 
and it is not possible to acquire that 
ability, unless by a long practice, com- 
mencing, like his own, in the first years 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 105 

of infancy. Dr. Gall, himself, did not 
begin the practice half early enough to 
contract that habit, if he had sought it, 
and Dr. Spurzheim began it considerably 
too late ; but, neither of those Ologists 
directed his attention to the internal sur- 
face, remaining perfectly contented with 
the negative evidence of the external. 
He naturally considered even Dr. Gall 
an o^ipaQns (late-learner) in the sci- 
ence, compared with himself; and he 
would pleasantly say — " Remember the 
words of Cicero ! •' — o^if^e^ homines scis 
" quam insolentes sint — you know how as- 
" sumptuous and positive late-learners are"* 
The second affirmation, according to their 
own principles, is equally against fact; for, 
to compare the size of a nidus with the 
power of manifesting the mental faculties, 
is impossible ; there can be no apprehen- 
sible proportion between them : we may 
compare it, indeed, with actual manifest- 
ation o{ the faculties, but certainly not with 

* Ad Fam. ix. 20. 
f2 



106 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

the power of manifesting, for that power may 
greatly exceed the actual capacity of the 
nidus afforded to it : as is demonstrated by 
the experiment of the bean and tile. 

But, supposing those three principles to 
be sound and unobjectionable: yet, they 
would scarcely furnish a vestibule for the 
science. He would ask, what is gained 
by them unless we advance ? they are no 
more, with relation to the Science to which 
they point, than the rules of the three con- 
cords to the knowledge of the Latin tongue. 
They resemble, with their circular organs, 
a road of round pebbles made a little 
way into a wood, and suddenly termi- 
nating at the brambles and bushes 
which obstruct all further progress ; 
whereas Encepkalology, with its rhombic 
and reticulated organs, resembles the same 
road renewed, macadamized*, and carried 
quite through to the country beyond. 
He could not conceive, how those eminent 

* The Mac Adam System is making great pro- 
gress in Germany. 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 107 

men could go even as far as they did, 
without plainly perceiving the compress 
and vacuum within their own horizon ; 
" since every Thaler (he would say) might 
•' have suggested to them the former, and 
u every Trinkglas the latter." They ap- 
peared to him something like the tra- 
veller who journeyed to see Jerusalem, 
and, having gained a view of it from the 
nearest eminence, stopped and turned 
back. He made all his auditors tho- 
roughly sensible, that if those three cele- 
brated propositions be duly made to yield 
their natural and legitimate consequences, 
and the third be rectified from all its obli- 
quities, they must of necessity terminate in 
the same general issue tvith his own encepha- 
lology; but, exhibited in the suspension of 
growth and suppression of progress in 
which their authors have left them, they 
can only be viewed in the light of an 
abortion — an embryo that had failed in 
utero matris. The little playful raillery 
which he thus occasionally introduced 
into his discourses, was not designed 



108 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

sarcastically, or pointed against the dis- 
tinguished Ologists whose doctrines he 
was investigating ; it was the expres- 
sion of his own characteristic cheerful- 
ness, and was merely designed to sustain 
the attention of his auditors, and enliven 
a subject often exceedingly tedious and 
fatiguing. 

With respect to the organs stated and 
denominated by those teachers, and which 
monopolize the whole of the cranion 
even in the very infancy (nay, even before 
the infancy) of the science ; he shewed, 
that they were arbitrarily selected, fan- 
tastically named, and, in some instances, 
quite unintelligible. He specified that of 
ie inhabitiveness" which he was convinced 
Dr. Spurzheim himself did not clearly 
understand ; since neither he, nor any 
one of his auditors, could at all compre- 
hend it, notwithstanding that Doctor's 
elaborated explanation : "but, (he added,) 
u supreme theorists, in the course of 
s< their abstractions, are frequently drawn 
" to embody their non-conceptions in 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 109 

* words ; from which words, they con- 
" ceive that conception of ideas must 
** arise in the minds of others." It 
was evident, he said, that Dr. Spurz- 
heim's mind was here labouring to con- 
ceive the org. mo-ratio — staying or tarry- 
ing; but it unfortunately miscarried, by 
the injurious action of the org. f rust-ratio. 

He now inserted in his table of ratios, 
the names and numbers of all the Doctor's 
organs, in order to exhibit their relative 
paucity ; and likewise to shew, that they 
consisted, generally, either of ratios un- 
warrantably divided, or of their partial 
operations. And he concluded, by jo- 
cosely observing; that, as the one no- 
menclature was devoid of all rhyme, so 
was it nearly devoid of all reason ; whereas 
his own nomenclature, as it unquestion- 
ably abounded with rhyme, so did it also 
unquestionably abound with reason. 

There was, however, one particular 
organ, in adverting to which Dr. Hirn- 
schadel's natural cheerfulness forsook his 



110 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

countenance, and was replaced by an ex- 
pression of stern indignation. The organ 
which provoked this distressing character 
of severity, was that which Dr. Spurzheim 
places at the head of his series — into the 
description of which he enters with such 
earnest dedication of thought — and which 
he denominates u the organ of amative- 
ness:" this organ is the same that Dr. 
Hirnschadel denominates * € org. gene- 
ratio;" and on the subject of which, as 
was before observed, he was memorably 
brief and reserved. He expatiated largely 
on Dr. Spurzheim's treatment of this 
article, and with a high national feeling. 
He dreaded lest the English nation, for 
which he entertained a very particular 
regard, and of whose refinement he had 
conceived the most exalted opinion, should 
receive this gross and offensive article as 
a rule forjudging of the delicacy of the 
German nations. He formally disclaimed 
it from the chair, in the most emphatic 
terms, calling it a blot upon the German 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. Ill 

name; and affirming, that it could not 
possibly advance the interests of sci- 
ence; that it was too well qualified to 
defile youthful minds ; but, that it could 
afford no gratification whatever, unless 
to a corrupt and purulent curiosity. He 
made an animated and eloquent appeal 
on this subject to his German auditors, 
in the name of their country ; and his 
appeal was answered by acclamations of 
assent, which suspended the lecture for 
a quarter of an hour. He pointed out to 
them, that the English followers of Spurz- 
heim, though they retain the principle of 
the article, had cut off and cast away all 
its corrupt appendages; as a needy person 
will cut off all the putrid parts of a piece 
of flesh, to obtain the little morsel which 
wears the appearance of being sound. 
He condemned, in the same tone, the 
Doctor's unwarranted separation of this 
organ from that which he has named 
" philogenitiveness, or love of offspring/ 
constituting them tzeo distinct organs ; 



112 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

whereas, he himself found them to be one 
and the same in man, although in the 
brute creation they are not united ; and 
he supposed, that the latter fact was the 
cause of Dr. Spurzheim's error. Yet, he 
wondered how the Doctor could have 
failed to perceive ; that their union, in the 
human cerebral system, was determined 
by the presence of a dominant Ratio, 
which does not reside in that of brutes. 
And he concluded his strictures, by 
clearly demonstrating ; that the ** Cra- 
nioscopy" so confidently asserted by the 
two great Ologists, can never advance 
them or their disciples to the" Psychology" 
which they profess to seek as their end, 
unless they pass through the Cranioso- 
phy and Encephalology interposed between 
the two : of which he then proceeded to 
unfold the mysteries, and to display the 
experimental benefits, in a series of forty- 
seven Discourses, which electrified his 
congregated auditory with delight and 
admiration. 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 113 



CHAPTER VII. 

HE PREPARES FOR A JOURNEY OF 
EXPLORATION — PASSES THROUGH 
LEIPSIG ARRIVES AT PARIS. 

Having concluded the course of his lec- 
tures on Encephalology, in which both 
himself and his auditory were profoundly 
sensible of the wonderful effect produced 
by the enlargement and elevation of his 
org. aspi-ratio ; Dr. Hirnschadel began to 
contemplate the execution of a plan of 
travel, which he had before meditated, 
but which was finally determined by his 
perusal of the works of Gall and Spurz- 
heim. He now wished, to witness the 
effect of their doctrines in the countries 
where they were received ; and to exa- 
mine, at the same time, the crania of 



114 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

those persons by whom they were em- 
braced. He therefore made the requisite 
preparations for his journey; but he did 
not on this occasion take Gans with him, 
who had received so violent a distaste 
for travelling, from his excursion to the 
Carpathian mountains, that nothing could 
ever induce him again to quit the village 
of his nativity. 

Though Dr. Hirnschadel had persevered 
in the practice of wearing no covering to 
his head, the singularity of the effect was 
immensely diminished at the years to 
which he had now attained; his baldness, 
only appeared like a very early loss of 
hair ; and, as to the effects of the compress 
and vacuum, so many middle-aged men 
have wens, and so many have scars, that 
his person attracted very little attention. 
As, however, he wished to make his pro- 
jected tour incognito , he thought it ex- 
pedient to wear a hat, which he caused 
to be made of the lightest materials. It 
was his design to proceed by Dresden, 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 1 15 

Leipsig, Frankfort on the Mayn, and 
Metz, to Paris ; to pass some months in 
the latter city ; and to proceed from thence 
to London before the beginning of No- 
vember, in which month, he was informed, 
the suicidal epidemy, peculiar to the last- 
mentioned metropolis, commenced and 
raged. He was curious to acquire ocular 
experience of the extraordinary inversion 
of the org. lace-ratio which then takes 
place, which renders it the organ of self- 
destruction; (as a similar inversion of the 
admi-ratio, renders it the organ of self- 
love ;) and which, he had been assured, 
declared itself as remarkably at that sea- 
son, as the enlargement of the throats of 
deer in the season of the rut. He passed 
unobserved through Dresden, but he was 
recognised at Leipsig, where he was ur- 
gently solicited to visit a patient, who 
laboured under a chronical cephalalgia 
which her physicians were unable to 
assuage. He presently ascertained, by 
inspection, and by his encephalic ther- 



116 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 



mometer, the ratio in which the pain was 
seated. But, as he was resolved to 
avoid all similar cases, and as the depar- 
ture of the Diligence fortunately allowed 
him but little time, he excused himself on 
that ground from giving any decided 
opinion on the case ; adding, that he was 
unwilling to interfere in a line of practice 
which he regarded as exclusively Dr. 
Spurzheim's own : and he contented him- 
self, with advising the patient to state her 
case, minutely and unreservedly, to that 
eminent Phrenologist; giving her, at the 
same time, the Doctor's address in Lon- 
don, from his book. 

Nothing memorable occurred during 
the sequel of his journey. On his arrival 
at Paris, a considerable sensation was 
produced amongst those eminently scien- 
tific persons who had heard of his fame 
in Saxony ; some of whom, indeed, had 
been present at his lectures, and had 
recognised him in spite of ail his precau- 
tions. The interest which these expe- 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 117 

rienced, was rapidly propagated through- 
out the most enlightened sages of that 
capital. There is, perhaps, no spot upon 
the face of the globe, where Nature is so 
devoutly reverenced, even to an excess 
bordering upon bigotry and superstition, 
as in that celebrated city ; and conse- 
quently, where any thing tending in the 
smallest degree to question Her supre- 
macy, or to contract the sphere of Her 
operation, either in time or extent, is en- 
countered with a nobler indignation, or a 
more loyal and zealous resistance. This 
devotion, considering the sex of the Power, 
is the more remarkable in a people who so 
strenuously uphold the principle of the 
Salic law. This is not, indeed, the case, 
universally ; but, chiefly in certain supe- 
rior individuals of a^superior class, which 
have received, or rather, which have right- 
fully assumed to themselves the style of 
" sapientes:" so Dr. Hirnschadel ren- 
ders them in his Latin. "Ancient Greece," 
he observed, (i could produce only seven of 



118 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

" this order; but in France they abound.'' 
This is, indeed, the only country in which 
such an Order constitutes a distinct body 
of the State. The inventor of the com- 
press and vacuum; the sublime genius 
who had discovered the subjection of 
mind to matter, and had acquired the 
power of lifting up or treading down the 
functions of the brain, and therewith of 
the intellect; could not fail to receive the 
most enthusiastic homage from some in- 
dividuals of so distinguished an order of 
a people, at once the most inquisitive and 
the most polite. These looked with 
admiration, and even with awe, at the 
irresistible evidences which Dr. Hirn- 
schadel's cranion exhibited, of the effi- 
cacy of his science ! They delicately 
solicited permission fo approach, and to 
touch and examine them ; and they vied 
with each other in the terms by which 
they enounced the intensity of their 
emotions. Every one was eager to expe- 
rience the benefit of the sublimating pro- 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 119 

cess, and in the very organ in which it 
had so proudly succeeded with the illus- 
trious author; but, each wished first to 
observe the process, scientifically, on the 
cranion of his neighbour. There was one 
circumstance which tended to disappoint 
all in that wish: though the value of 
the end to be attained was incalcu- 
lable, yet it was necessarily to be at- 
tended with an alteration in the form of 
the head, which all were averse to under- 
go. What they so rapturously admired 
in the Doctor, they thought would be a 
very ungracious disfigurement in them- 
selves. In this dilemma, they by degrees 
contented themselves with the proof of 
the fact that stood before their eyes ; and 
they even found a more abundant source 
of delight in the latitude which it af- 
forded them, of freely speculating, theo- 
rizing, and deducing inferences, on the 
relations of matter and mind. Those 
inferences, in the rapid course of their de- 
ductions, chanced to meet with resistance 



120 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

from Dr. Hirnschadel ; to whom they ap- 
peared to tend to the deification of matter, 
or at least to the ascription of all primary 
effects to a mere nominal cause, which 
left the mind without any intelligible 
and available idea higher than matter 
itself. He, therefore, argued the necessity 
of referring to an intelligible idea, for 
a primary cause to which all primary 
effects, both of matter and of mind, must 
be ultimately and practically referred ; 
and, therefore, to an intelligent cause, 
originally operative, and actually coer- 
cive, even of nature Herself; and, being 
a religious man, the progress of collision 
in argument and enforcement threw him 
by degrees within the intrenchments of 
that theology, in which, as an earnest 
and sincere Lutheran,, he was strongly 
fortified. But, he had here passed to 
ground totally foreign to the laws of 
Sapiency and Philosophy ! Argument, 
therefore, became suddenly suspended, 
in the astonishment with which he was 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 121 

now silently and curiously surveyed. He 
had been contemplated in the zenith of 
genius, he was now seen fallen to the 
nadir of superstition. Civility for a time 
continued, perhaps was increased ; but, 
disappointment had given to it all the 
rigor of formality. The animated interest 
which he had at first excited among those 
of the "sapientes" who had monopo- 
lized him, gave place to something less 
than indifference; and the regularity and 
devotion with which it was discovered 
that he attended the services of his own 
Lutheran church, afforded full demonstra- 
tion, that the quality of philosopher, which 
had been conferred upon him with such 
prodigal largess, had been hastily and 
inconsiderately bestowed. The names of 
Gall and Spurzheim, which had hitherto 
been studiously avoided in his presence, 
were now as studiously introduced, with 
terms of high applause ; and Dr. Hirn- 
schadel, after several weeks of residence, 
found himself with a paucity of acquaint- 



122 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

ance, better proportioned to the arrival of 
a stranger in a capital, than to the eve of 
his departure from it. 

This loss of exaggerated and capricious 
applause, caused no disquiet to the placid 
and unadmiring Doctor. He had had 
abundant and sufficient opportunities of 
examining the crania ofthe"sAPiENTEs," 
which were his chief concern ; he wished 
to compare them with those of the other 
classes of the nation ; and he had now 
acquired a freedom from complimentary 
importunity, which enabled him peaceably 
to pursue that object. He therefore de- 
voted to it all the time that remained, 
before his November visit to London. 
He formed new acquaintances, and was 
highly gratified with the courtesy he 
experienced from all ranks of the nation. 
Those acquaintances, opened to him vari- 
ous channels by which he was enabled 
to carry forward his important investi- 
gations j until, at length, he accomplished 
every object, which he had sought to at- 



ENCEPHALOL0GY. 123 

tain by means of a residence in Paris, 
The observations which he there made, 
are elaborately drawn out in his Journal, 
and will appear in his great work ; I shall 
only here notice the general sum of them, 
taken from the abbreviated notes which 
he inserted in his Pocket-book. 

He remarked a very extraordinary phe- 
nomenon, peculiar to this nation. In 
stating their encephalic characteristics, 
he found himself obliged to adopt a chro- 
nological arrangement, divided mto periods. 

In Franco-Gallic crania of about forty 
years ago, and upwards indefinitely, (for 
so he denominated the French people,) he 
found uniformly developed, in eminent 
manifestation, the orgg. appa-ratio, aspi- 
ratio, bettige-ratio, supe-ratio, celeb-ratio; 
with which were extensively combined, 
the orgg. obtempe-ratio and vene-ratio. 
During a long succeeding series of years, 
he found the first five of those organs 
morbidly enlarged; and the last two 
totally suppressed, and replaced by a 



124 EN CEP HALO LOGY. 

tumid and irregular development of the 
libe-ratio, conspi-ratio, vocife-ratio, er-ratio, 
lace-ratio, and deli-ratio. In the 3d and 
last period, and to the present time ; the 
last five organs have subsided ; leaving 
only the org. libe-ratio balanced by a 
considerable reproduction of the obtempe- 
ratio and vene-ratio, and with a fair pro- 
mise of an increased development of the 
mode-ratio. The erania of the order 
" sapientes," (which he very minutely 
inspected,) besides sharing many of the 
common national characters, exhibited 
prodigious enlargements of the orgg. 
explo-ratioy conside-ratio, penet-ratio, nunie- 
ratio, mensu-ratio, lib-ratio, and asseve- 
ratio ; but, very frequently accompanied 
by notable manifestations of the exagge- 
ration er-ratio, and Jrust-ratio. With re- 
spect to the disciples of Gall and Spurz- 
heim; he reserved himself till he had in- 
spected those in England and Scotland, 
that he might characterize them all 
together. 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 125 



CHAPTER VIII. 

HE ARRIVES INCOGNITO IN LONDON. 

Anxious, now, not to be too late for the 
November season in London, he left Paris 
at the end of October, and arrived in the 
former city before the expiration of that 
month. The same suppression of the ad- 
mi-ratio which had made him indifferent to 
the curiosities of Paris, made him equally 
so to those of this metropolis ; heads, 
and now especially November-heads, en- 
grossed all his interest. But, it was his 
intention to observe the closest incognito 
during his continuance in this country. 
Several motives governed this determina- 
tion. First, the hours observed in Eng- 
land, were in every respect in opposition 
to those of Germany, by which the habits 



126 EN CEP HALO LOGY. 

of his mind had been formed. Secondly, 
he wished to investigate, unknown, the 
influence of Craniology and Phrenology in 
England ; and to observe, without suspi- 
cion, all the heads of the disciples of 
Gall and Spurzheim that he might be 
fortunate enough to meet with, and which 
he had heard were numerous in some 
parts of the kingdom. But, there was 
another reason, which had more weight 
with him than either of these ; of this, I 
shall now put the reader in possession. 

It has already been observed, that Dr. 
Hirnschadel entertained a very kindly dis- 
position towards the English. It amount- 
ed, indeed, to a very strong predilection ; 
and arose from a most patriotic principle. 
Being himself the representative of a 
most ancient Saxon family, which could 
trace back its genealogy by written re- 
cords until it was lost in the remotest 
ages before records were written ; and of 
which, the heads of the elder branch are 
ascertained to have never quitted their 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 127 

native seats in Saxony ; he regarded the 
English, whom he always denominated 
Anglo-Saxons, as the descendants of the 
younger branches of his family ; and he 
early disposed his heart to feel towards 
them that sentiment of fraternal, I may 
truly say, germanic affection, which the 
hearts of elder brothers are formed by 
nature to entertain towards the juniors of 
their house, and which partakes in no 
small degree of the nature of parental 
protection. The family of Hirnschadel 
(which word in the German language 
signifies a skull) was so named from 
an illustrious ancestor, who had triumph- 
antly worn the skull of a Roman Legatus 
brained by his own hand at the destruc- 
tion of the army of Varus ; and who, by 
ancient intermarriages, was remotely re- 
lated to Arminius, Captain General of the 
Germans in that signal and sanguinary 
victory. Hence, the arms of Hirn- 
schadel had ever been, a field gules, 
charged with a skull proper, with the 



128 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

motto — " Cerebrosus prosilit JJnus ;" but, 
this last the Doctor now felt himself fully 
authorised to qualify, by substituting — 
** Cerebrosus prosilit Alter," as denotative 
of the prominence which he himself had 
acquired by his Encephalology . He was 
thoroughly convinced, that the Anglo- 
Saxons must retain an unperishing and 
lively remembrance of that great ances- 
tral achievement; and, as he felt himself 
the antitype of the great progenitor who 
had first distinguished the cranion as the 
badge and glory of his house, he was 
averse to kindle, by the disclosure of his 
name, the sensibilities w T hich its announce- 
ment must necessarily excite in the rela- 
tions of consanguinity in which they stood 
towards each other; by which agitation, 
and its consequences, the great object 
of his journey might be jeoparded, if 
not altogether frustrated. He therefore 
locked up his seal in his desk, before he 
left Paris ; and he assumed the name of 
Haupt, the maiden name of his mother, 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 129 

under which name he travelled during 
the whole time of his continuance in this 
United Kingdom. 

The necessary consequence of this mea- 
sure was, that he entered London un- 
known, and without any introductory or 
recommendatory letters. To remedy this 
disadvantage, and to secure the objects 
of his pursuit, he sought out and found 
two German peruke-makers and hair- 
cutters of celebrity, of whom he had re- 
ceived information previously to his leav- 
ing Germany ; the one a native of Lusatia, 
the other of Franconia. They had re- 
sided many years in London, and had 
fortunately established themselves in dis- 
tant parts of the capital ; the one in St. 
James' Street, the other near to Lincoln's 
Inn Fields. To these he repaired, with 
the hope of making many important dis- 
coveries through the mystery of their 
profession ; and he engaged them to pro- 
vide him with a very light peruke, to 
g2 



130 ENCEP HALO LOGY. 

veil the cephalic features which must 
otherwise have betrayed him. 

In the mean time, the November season 
was not to be lost. He was determined 
to devote that whole month, to the daily- 
inspection of the heads of the drowned 
persons drawn out of the Thames. With 
this view, he passed his days ambulating 
between Lambeth and London-bridge; 
watching both the river, and every un- 
covered head that he had the good 
fortune to encounter. An entire week 
passed, without any success in this pur- 
suit; and he concluded, that this was a 
late season. A second week passed, with 
a similar result; and he then began to feel 
something like a shooting in the seat of 
the admi-ratio, notwithstanding the total 
suppression of the organ, as an amputated 
arm feels a sensation in the fingers. In 
the middle of the third week, however, 
he observed a crowd assembled at the 
side of the river a little above Lambeth. 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 131 

He eagerly hastened to the spot, and, on 
his arrival, found a body which had been 
just drawn out of the water, and which 
was lying on the bank. He immediately 
approached it ; and began to handle it in so 
scientific a manner, that the by-standers 
presently perceived that he was a pro- 
fessional man, and suffered him to con- 
tinue his examination without interrup- 
tion. They expected every moment, that 
he would give directions how the body 
should be treated with a view to the 
restoration of life ; but their astonishment 
was great, when, after he had fingered 
the head for a considerable time, and 
searched attentively between the hair, 
they only saw him take out his pocket- 
book, and write in it with great intensity 
of thought ; and then, returning it to his 
pocket, proceed in profound abstraction, 
and with a very deliberate pace, towards 
Westminster-bridge. When the reader 
considers the extraordinary perplexity in 
which Dr. Hirnschaders mind must have 



132 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

been involved, by visiting the banks of 
the Thames daily for nearly three entire 
weeks of the month of November, with- 
out experiencing any of the cases which 
he had been assured occurred by dozens 
every day during that pestilential month ; 
he will justify him from any imputation 
of inhumanity in having accidentally over- 
looked, at such a moment, the important 
orgg. respi-ratio and rest ail-ratio. In the 
case of this solitary individual, he was fur- 
ther perplexed, by finding no other ratio 
strongly charactered that could be at all 
considered as causative of the death, but 
the org, ponde-ratio ; the orgg. despe-ratio 
and lace-ratio being wholly undeveloped ; 
and he justly observed, that the former 
ratio might have equally manifested its 
power in any other month of the year, 
and therefore, that the death could not 
justly or reasonably be ascribed to any 
influenza of the present month. 

This was the only case of drowning 
which he witnessed, or could hear of 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 133 

within the Bills of Mortality, during the 
whole month of November that he was in 
London; and from thence he thought 
himself perfectly qualified to contradict 
the calumny, so actively circulated among 
the Continental nations of Europe, of an 
annual suicidal rut among the Anglo- 
Saxons, which occurred contemporane- 
ously with the first denudation of their 
forests, and the rise of that gloom which 
gives " dreadful note of preparation of 
the hibernal death of the year. He took 
a generous delight in having thus em- 
powered himself to become the effectual 
vindicator of a kindred nation; and he 
distinctly pronounced, that he did not find 
the org. lace-ratio more manifested, either 
in size, frequency, or inversion, among 
the Anglo-Saxons, than he had ever 
found it among the Franco-Gauls or the 
Germans. Having settled his mind on this 
great primary question, he now turned his 
thoughts to a general investigation of the 
crania of England ; but, more especially 



134 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

of those of the disciples of Gall and 
Spurzheim. 

Abundant opportunities were afforded 
him to pursue this object by means of 
his German coadjutors, to whom he had 
confidentially imparted his views ; and 
assuming, by an understanding with them, 
the character of one of their own trade, he 
was readily permitted by their customers 
(who took an interest in him as a new 
arriver from Germany,) to remain in the 
shop, and even to take a part in familiar 
discourse, whilst their heads were either 
shaving or trimming. So that, during 
six months, several hundred heads came 
under his close inspection, of every de- 
scription and of every class ; sometimes 
from the West end of the town, sometimes 
from the Inns of Court and the City, 
according as he changed his station be- 
tween St. James's Street, and Lincoln's Inn. 
Among these, he found many who were 
the declared disciples of Gall and Spurz- 
heim; for, having prepared his friends 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 135 

with the means of furthering his object, 
they found it easy to introduce the sub- 
ject, as it were incidentally, whilst hand- 
ling a part which those philosophers have 
advanced to such eminent celebrity. In 
these conversations, (which all persons are 
well disposed to encourage with their bar- 
ber or hair-dresser,) the votaries of the 
Cranion and Phren readily and unreserv- 
edly discovered themselves ; and were 
easily drawn out into copious discussion 
and argument, by a skilful opposition oc- 
casionally thrown in by the operator. So 
that Dr. Hirnschadel, who appeared to 
take no concern in the question, was the 
better able to make and to digest his 
remarks. 

By means of his friend at Lincoln's 
Inn, he further obtained an introduction 
to the Royal College of Surgeons. Here, 
by his manners and the superior skill in 
his own faculty which he displayed, added 
to the circumstance of his being a fo- 
reigner recently arrived in London, he 



136 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

presently established for himself so good 
a ground, that, by the friendships he 
formed in that noble Institution, the op- 
portunities of prosecuting his researches 
on the crania of England multiplied to 
the utmost extent of his wishes or his 
time ; to promote which, he felt but little 
repugnance, under his present perfect in- 
cognito, to submit to the occasional impu- 
tation of being a disciple of Gall and 
Spurzheim. 

The portion of time which he was able 
to allot to England being now nearly ex- 
hausted, he entered his observations at 
considerable length in his Journal ; and 
compressed the general result in his 
Pocket-book, in the abbreviated form 
which he had adopted for the benefit of 
immediate reference. 

He observed universally in the Anglo- 
Saxon crania, a very remarkable develop- 
ment of the orgg. supe-ratio, libe-ratio, 
bellige-ratio, perseve-ratio, celeb-ratio, ad- 
minist-ratio, comide-ratio, and vene-ratio; 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 137 

but he lamented to find, experimentally, 
that the first of these, the org. supe-ratio, 
was very unequally balanced by the mode- 
ratio, and that it very strongly attracted 
to itself the org. exagge-ratio. He had 
suspected this, from the observations he 
had so frequently heard in Germany; 
and he was much grieved, to find the 
fact fully confirmed. He was grieved, be- 
cause he felt a personal concern in what- 
ever affected the interests and name of the 
Anglo-Saxons ; and he found, that this un- 
due equality between the supe-ratio and ex- 
agge-ratio, and inferiority of the mode-ratio, 
was the cause of much offence taken by 
other nations against, and consequently, of 
the loss of many advantages to, the Anglo- 
Saxons, in their frequent migrations on the 
Continent. He also thought, that it was ex- 
ceedingly unbecoming a nation descended 
from a generation of Saxon cadets, who 
had left their native country to seek their 
fortune and their bread. And, although 
they had grown in wealth and power to a 



138 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

point of eminence which never entered 
into the prospect of their migratory an- 
cestors, and, in his partial opinion, stood 
foremost amongst all the nations out of 
Saxony Proper ; yet, they should have had 
respect always to the circumstances of 
their origin, and not have encouraged the 
germination of associations in their ence- 
phali, productive necessarily of attrac- 
tions and co-enlargements of the ratios 
and their nidi, which he himself, though 
the Head of an Elder Branch, should be 
ashamed to encourage. He trusted, that 
when his great work should have diffused 
his science and his art throughout Europe, 
to this " ultima Thule" his name, together 
with the knowledge that he had sojourned 
incognito amongst them, and had closely 
observed them, would have influence with 
the whole Anglo-Saxon people, to fix a 
compress upon their exagge-ratio, and a 
vacuum upon their mode-ratio. 

He observed likewise, in extraordinary 
activity among them, and in universal 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 139 

and equal development, that very ratio 
which he had taken so much pains to 
suppress in his own cranion, viz. the org. 
adnii-ratio; which phenomenon afforded 
him endless amusement, and the effects 
of which he thought could not be better 
described than in the words of their own 
Shakspeare : whose representation, though 
written two hundred years ago, is curi- 
ously characteristic of them at the present 
day. — " A strange fish 1 Were I in Eng- 
" land (as I once was), and had but this 
u fish painted, not a holiday-fool there 
" but would give a piece of silver : there 
(i would this monster make a man. Any 
(t strange beast there makes a man : when 
" they will not give a doit to relieve a 
** lame beggar, they will lay out ten to 
" see a dead Indian. " # He strongly re- 
commended a moderate compress upon this 
ratio also. 

With respect to the language of this 

* Tempest, Act ii., Scene 2. 



140 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

people, which he had hitherto known 
only as a written language ; he was much 
concerned, to discover how greatly it had 
declined from its primitive magnificence 
and sonorous utterance. It had degene- 
rated into a sort of chirping, in which 
the lips only were exercised ; the action 
of the throat, seemed to be altogether 
paralysed. The names of places, hardly 
drew the attention of the ear sufficiently 
to reach the memory ; they were without 
dignity, either of sound or construction ; 
nor did he ever hear one that could at all 
venture to measure itself with "Katzen- 
" ellenbogen !" The words of the 
language, they had mutilated by cutting off 
the heads and tails of the primitive Teu- 
tonic words, in order to adapt them to their 
indolent lip-utterance; and they had in- 
verted the whole order of the syntax, 
placing the verb before the accusative 
case, instead of after it where it ought 
naturally to stand. He w r as mortified, to 
see the language so inextricably inwoven 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 141" 

with evidences of the successive conquests 
of the Romans and Franco-Gauls. For r 
though the Anglo-Saxon migration are re- 
corded to have expelled the Romans from 
the island, yet, there is more of Roman than 
of Teutonic in the present language ; from 
whence he shrewdly suspected, that the 
successes of the junior branch were not 
quite as uniform as they had reported 
them to the elder branch in Saxony : al- 
though they now ingeniously endeavour 
to account for this prevalence of the 
Latin, by ascribing it to the long-conti- 
nued domination of the Church of Rome. 
With respect to the disciples of Gall 
and Spurzheim, he still reserved his ob- 
servations until he had completed his re- 
searches in Scotland ; in order that he 
might be able to draw up, in one result, 
the sum of his remarks on those of Paris > 
London, and Edinburgh. 



142 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 



CHAPTER IX. 

HE PROCEEDS TO SCOTLAND AND 

IRELAND QUITS DUBLIN TO RE- 
TURN HOME. 

He proceeded to Scotland by the way of 
Berwick, and passed two months at Edin- 
burgh under his travelling name of 
Haupt; where his good fortune and his 
ingenuity concurred to open to him op- 
portunities of science very similar to 
those which he had acquired in London, 
but which it is wholly unnecessary to 
detail here. He actively investigated the 
Scottish crania; and was presently inte- 
rested, by discovering the org. conside-ratio 
to be notably and universally developed 
in all classes of the people : a pheno- 
menon, which he had never before expe- 
rienced in any nation. What astonished 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 143 

him was, that it was always in present 
activity. If he asked a question of a 
labourer on the road, or a husbandman 
in a field ; he was immediately told, with a 
meditative countenance, "Pm thinking! 99 — 
At first, he made a gesture of apology, 
and passed on ; but he soon found, that 
such was the tenacious vigour of the 
organ that he did not disturb their cogi- 
tations; and that, after the first notification 
of their mental engagement, the answer 
to his question followed as readily, and 
even more distinctly than had usually 
been the case in England ; which he at- 
tributed to the more constant exercise of 
the conside- ratio. But, what surprised him 
still more, was to find that the intensity 
of this practice excited something antici- 
pative or predictive ; which he imagined 
must be connected with the faculty of 
second-sight, of which he had heard much 
amongst the Scots. If he came suddenly 
and unexpectedly upon a perfect stranger, 
and inquired (for example) which was his 



144 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

nearest way to a given place ; he found, 
that his question was already under the 
deliberation of the conside-ratio : — " Tm 
u thinking, that your nearest way is, so and 
" so/ 9 was the divinational answer that 
would fill him with perplexity ! and he 
often pondered in his mind, whether the 
result of the thought would have been 
courteously imparted, if he had abstained 
from the formality of proposing his ques- 
tion. 

During his residence in Edinburgh, his 
national affection drew him aside into a 
strong party-feeling, as soon as he had 
learned, by perusing the " Lady of the 
Lake/ 9 that the Scottish nation is divided 
into Saxons and Non-Saxo?is, a fact of 
which he was before wholly unapprised ; 
and the force of the bias was greatly in- 
creased, on perceiving the name of Saxon 
to be there used as a term of hostility and 
reproach. The reader will therefore make 
a candid allowance for the greater incli- 
nation which he entertained towards the 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 145 

Lowland-Scots, than towards those of the 
Highlands. This sentiment, however, did 
not in the smallest degree affect his re- 
spect for the latter, nor cause him to 
judge less favourably of them, much less 
did it induce any difference in his deport- 
ment towards them ; only it gave him 
towards the one a feeling of kindred, 
always attended with a sentiment of per- 
sonal interest, which he did not, and could 
not rationally, feel towards the other. 

The result of his observations on the cra- 
nia of Scotland, are to this effect. He found, 
as in England, a very eminent development 
of the orgg. supe-ratio, libe-ratio, bellige- 
ratio, perseve-ratio, celeb-ratio, administ- 
ratio, and vene-raiio; but, he also perceived 
a strong manifestation of the obi-ratio, 
generally indeed balanced by the conside- 
ratio, yet too often attracting the org. 
exaspi-ratio. He was moreover struck in 
his general survey, on comparing the orgg. 
mo-ratio and mig-ratio, to see how pecu 
liarly they were distributed. He thought 

H 



146 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

he perceived, that the former ratio was 
more widely developed among the High- 
land-Scots than among his kindred of 
the Lowlands, among which latter, the org. 
mig-ratio appeared to him to be very gene- 
rally declared ; and he conceived this phe- 
nomenon to be the effect of an hereditary 
impulse, originally transmitted from the 
first migration of the junior branches from 
their native seats in Saxony. He had 
witnessed this effect in a very remarkable 
degree among the Anglo-Saxons, in his 
journey through Germany and Franco- 
Gaul; every inn, coffee-house, post-house, 
custom-house, theatre, public walk, shop, 
swarmed with them ; they were in mo- 
tion on every road; but, evidently with 
no view to conquest, as they were in small 
parties, with their women and carriages. 
This observation, however, he marked 
with an obelus, signifying, that it was a 
point to be reconsidered at a future 
period. The org. augu-ratio, or second- 
sight, he found to be manifested in very 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 147 

rare instances, and that only in crania of 
the Highlands. 

With respect to the joint result of his ob- 
servations on the encephali&nd nidi of the 
disciples of Gall and Spurzheiin, in France, 
England, and Scotland ; I must apprise 
the reader, that he has rendered them 
very brief in the memoranda of his pocket- 
book, from which alone I now write, 
although he has expatiated largely on 
that subject in his Journal. He observed, 
generally, in all of these, a most prodigious 
development of the org. admi-ratio, and 
of the two amiable orgg. vene-ratio and 
obtempe-ratio ; attracted by the er-ratio, in 
equal development. The org. accu-ratio, 
Tie found to be wholly undeveloped; and 
the org. conside-ratio, in a very tardy 
and inadequate state of manifestation. 
There is also a note in his pocket-book 
respecting the encephalic organs of the 
Ologists of the Cr anion and Phren, founded 
upon their prints and busts. In both these 
he observed, that whilst they shewed the 



148 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

same manifestation of the er-ratio, and the 
same defects of the accu-ratio and conside- 
ratio as their disciples; the orgg. ve?ie- 
ratio and obtempe-ratio, so pleasingly exhi- 
bited in the latter, were here replaced by 
equal enlargements of the supe-ratio and 
asseve-ratio : attended, moreover, with a 
very singular formation of the J rust-ratio, 
to which he ascribed the abortion of their 
Ologies already remarked at p. 107. 

Having completed his researches in 
Scotland, he prepared himself for the 
sequel of his journey ; and, as his lectures 
in Saxony had been announced for the 
beginning of the ensuing autumn, he had 
no time to waste. He therefore took the 
shortest course for visiting Ireland, by 
proceeding at once to Port Patrick, and 
crossing to Donaghadee. In his progress 
from that port to the Irish Capital, he 
found an interest awakened, as extraor- 
dinary as it was wholly unexpected ; and 
which was unceasingly maintained, until 
his arrival in Dublin. The observations 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 149 

which he was led to make at every instant 
on the road, rendered him impatient to 
obtain an opportunity of leisurely investi- 
gating a phenomenon so entirely new to 
him, and which he found to be very gene- 
ral in the country. 

On his arrival in Dublin, he took 
his usual means for opening to himself 
a channel to the ordinary objects of his 
pursuit; and the courtesy, warmth, and 
open-heartedness which met him on every 
side, procured him every facility. The 
extreme vivacity of the people of all 
ranks, so opposite to the German phlegm, 
and so different in character from any 
form of gaiety he had elsewhere witnessed, 
struck him very forcibly ; and at the 
same time led him to suspect, that the 
org. vib-ratio was here in extraordinary 
development and activity. He had found 
this organ in a remarkable state of sub- 
ordinancy in Scotland, being resisted by 
the lib-ratio, and coerced by the conside- 
ratio; in England, it was moderately 



150 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

manifested ; but, here it appeared to have 
gained a sort of predominancy among 
the ratios. Whilst extending his re- 
searches and inquiries to ascertain this 
point, he was inexpressibly surprised to 
hear, in common parlance, of an entirely 
new ratio, (making a 69th,) of which he 
had never before either heard or read. It 
will easily be imagined by the reader, 
that, to the originator of the system of 
the Nationals, such an unlooked-for dis- 
covery must have been a source of the 
most animated interest. He immediately 
noted it in his pocket-book, as it struck 
his ear ; and, as he wrote all his notes in 
Latin, he entered it by the denomination 
— <c org. bothe-ratio." He was extremely 
inquisitive respecting it; and endeavoured 
to gain every possible information, con- 
cerning this encephalic novelty. By 
means of the examples adduced to him 
for illustration, he found, on minute ex- 
amination; that this new ratio, which he 
had never yet detected, is situated between 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 151 

the positive and negative ratios, (the 
Ratio and *Irratio) and that, by the 
over-excitement of the org. vib-ratio act- 
ing immediately above it, it receives a 
compound and simultaneous influence 
from both. Having an imperfect know- 
ledge of the English language, and there- 
fore a bolder promptness to etymologize 
in it, Dr. Hirnschadel presently assumed, 
that the denomination of the organ must 
have respect to both the ratios whose 
adverse influences become occasionally 
commixed in it ; and, imagining that he 
perfectly understood the explanations 
that were given him, he compressed his 
description of it into this scientific form: 
— 6t org. bothe-ratio — sive ambarum ratio- 
" rtum (pos. et neg.) misturafortuita, effer- 
" vescens, Bullas gignens." He considered 
this discovery as a very sufficient warning 
to the schools of the Cranion and Phren; 
that they had not yet explored, as they 
fondly persuaded themselves, every region 
of the cephalic globe. 



152 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

One day, whilst bis thoughts were 
profoundly engaged with this new and 
curious discovery; he was suddenly roused 
from his meditations, by a voice that ex- 
claimed — " Baron Hirnschadel ! and is 
" it yourself? and sure it is your own 
" self: Tm heartily glad to see you ! 
" And what on earth has brought you 
u amongst us ?" The Doctor was not 
a little disconcerted, for a moment, 
at this sudden and unlooked-for dis- 
closure of his name and dignity ; when, 
turning his head, he beheld an old friend 
of his father, an Irish Roman Catholic 
officer in the service of the Elector, 
now King, of Saxony ; who, during the 
autumn months, had been used in his 
early life to come over to the castle of 
Hirnschadel from Dresden, to partake of 
the sports of the forest. After a mutual 
exchange of most cordial salutations — 
" Well, Baron, how go on the Ratios ?" 
continued the old Colonel, laughing. 
u Prosperously" replied the Doctor, "for 



EiNCEPHALOLOGY. 153 



(4 



I have just discovered one in you?' 
" country, which I never heard of before" 
u Ay r cried the Colonel, " and fray what 
" is that?" " The org. bothe-ratio ;" re- 
joined the Doctor, with scientific gra- 
vity. " What I" said the colonel, laugh- 
ing heartily, " did not you know of that 
" before ? I have known it all my life, and 
"felt it too: why, I could have supplied 
" you with that," The warmth of the 
Colonel's heart, made him view with de- 
light the presence of the son of his old 
friend ; and he glowed to repay, with 
usurious interest, all the kindness and 
pleasure he had received from the father 
during the first years of his manhood, 
when an hospitable and friendly resort is 
of such peculiar value to a young stranger 
in a foreign land. He therefore, at once, 
placed three-fourths of his heart at the 
entire disposal of the Doctor ; and was in- 
defatigable in shewing him every possible 
kindness, and rendering him every possible 
service. Nothing could be more opposite 
h2 



154 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

than these two friends in their pursuits, 
and nothing more congenial in their affec- 
tions. The Doctor's science constantly 
provoked the inoffensive raillery of the 
Colonel, and the Colonel's raillery the 
placid and patient argument of the Doc- 
tor. Upon one of these occasions, the 
Colonel was so far brought to listen 
as to be induced to say, merrily \ 
a Well, now , Baron, — I beg your far don 
" — Doctor — let us hear something of 
" these Organs or Ratios — or Bothe-ratios" 
The Doctor, gladly seizing the oppor- 
tunity, endeavoured to compress into as 
short and apprehensible a synopsis as he 
could devise, his doctrine of the encephalus, 
its functionaries, and their nidi ; of the 
cranion, and its indicatory prominences; 
and, after having brought the Colonel to 
a conviction, and an acknowledgment, 
that he actually felt some of those promi- 
nences upon his own cranion, was pro- 
ceeding with his inductions; when the 
Colonel, who found the concatenation too 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 155 

long for his attention and retention, sud- 
denly cut it asunder by exclaiming — 
" ril tell you what , Doctor ; it's my belief 
u they rue like blisters on a pie-crust, from 
" the heat and the bother within." Much 
mirth ensued ; but the Doctor thence- 
forward reserved his science for himself, 
whilst he gave to the Colonel the stores 
of his wit and urbanity. 

The progress of the year now sum- 
moned Dr. Hirnschadei to Saxony; he 
therefore proposed a final meeting with 
the Colonel. During this last meeting ; 
" I suppose (said the merry Colonel) that 
** you will set us all down under the Boihe- 
" ratio." u Not exactly so," replied the 
Doctor ; (6 for I carry away with me a 
u good list of other Ratios, under which 
"you will all figure." In concluding this 
subject, he added, with a grave and re- 
flective countenance, and as a general re- 
sult of all his researches and peregrina- 
tions ; " that the ratios which appeared 
" to him to be the most universally and 



156 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

" equally developed amongst mankind, 
u were the orgg. gene-ratio and bellige- 
" ratio — love and fighting." This scienti- 
fic axiom, delivered with didactic so- 
lemnity, singularly caught the fancy of 
the lively old Colonel ; and long, and 
loud, and boisterous, was the laugh which 
it provoked. At their separation, a pro- 
mise was demanded by the Doctor, and 
readily given by the Colonel ; that, soon 
after the return of the latter to Dresden 
in the following month, he would come 
and pass some time with the Hirnscha- 
dels, and revisit the well-known forests 
in the neighbourhood of Sonnenburg. 

Dr. Hirnschadel was highly gratified 
with his residence in Dublin ; not only 
because it afforded him an unlooked-for 
opportunity of extending the bounds of 
his own science, but, because he there 
experienced, through the friendship of the 
Colonel, a cordiality and kindness, as well 
as an amusement, that was perfectly new 
to him. He thought the civility of the 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 157 

Irish very analogous to that of the 
French ; but, with this material differ- 
ence, that it inspired no doubt or mis- 
trust : the sincerity of the former was to 
be ascertained only by experience, where- 
as, that of the latter was manifest at once. 
He found in this people, as in the Scots 
and Anglo-Saxons, a very distinguished 
development of the orgg. supe-ratio, libe- 
ratio, bellige-ratio, celeb-ratio, administ- 
ratio, vene-ratio, and also of o-ratio ; but 
still, he found the org. vib-ratio to be much 
more generally influential in this country, 
than he had ever witnessed elsewhere. 

Dr. Hirnschadel, becoming pressed for 
time, bid farewell to Dublin with regard 
and regret, and took his passage to Ches- 
ter; from whence he proceeded directly 
to London. He made but a short stay in 
that capital; and then, embarked in the 
river for Ostend. As he retired from the 
shores of England, he mused with strong 
feelings of pride and affection on so glo- 
rious a country, conquered and retained 



158 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

by his own kindred ; and he naturally re- 
flected, if the junior branches alone had 
been able to effect such an achievement, 
what might they not have accomplished 
with the aid and co-operation of the 
elder branches ! On his arrival at Ostend, 
being impatient to reach his home, he 
hastened, by the way of Brussels, to Co- 
logne ; where he took a place in the 
Coche-d'eau for Mentz. 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 159 



CHAPTER X. 

HIS JOURNEY ARRIVAL OBITUARY, 

During his ascent of the Rhine, in that 
sublime but desert part of its channel 
which lies between Oberwesel and St. 
Goar, a tremendous storm of thunder and 
lightning, followed by a deluge of rain, 
overtook the passengers ; and, the num- 
bers on board being great and the means 
of shelter inadequate, and no houses oc- 
curring in which they could take refuge, 
Dr. Hirnsch'adel, with many others, was 
drenched to the skin upon the deck ; 
and, for the same reason that they could 
not find shelter, they could not relieve 
themselves from their wet apparel. To a 
frame like that of Dr. Hirnsch'adel, whose 
whole life had been stationary except 
during the two comparatively short jour- 



160 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

neys of his Hejira; but who, for many 
months past, had been in a state of con- 
tinual movement wholly unnatural to his 
former habits ; such a disaster could not 
fail to be productive of the most serious 
consequences. On his arrival at Mentz 
he felt himself ill, and hastened to Frank- 
fort ; and from thence, with increasing 
symptoms of ailment, to Leipsig. Here, 
a fever began to threaten him ; which in- 
duced him imprudently to accelerate his 
journey to Dresden, in the hope of 
reaching his home before any crisis 
should occur. He was strongly urged at 
Dresden, not to proceed ; but, such was 
his impatience to return to his own house, 
that, with increasing febrile symptoms 
and debility, he continued his journey. 
On his arrival at Hirnschadel, he was 
immediately obliged to take to his bed. 
The tranquillity of mind and body which 
the attainment of his home had afforded, 
gave hope for a few days that the fever 
was abating ; but, it rose again with in- 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 161 

creasing malignity, and, falling upon the 
brain, produced an inflammation, which, 
at the end of four days, put an end to his 
important and valuable life ! 

Thus unexpectedly and prematurely 
died, in the meridian of mental vigour, 
in the luxuriancy of experience, and in 
the blaze of reputation, Baron Doctor 
Ernst Hirnschadel; the Discoverer of 
the Rationals, the Inventor of the Compress 
and Vacuum, and the Reducer of the erratic 
Ologies of the Cranion and Phren, into 
the central and only legitimate Ology of the 
Encephalus. Great are the obligations by 
which mankind are bound to all those 
eminent geniuses who generously project 
its benefit; great, therefore, must be those 
by which they are bound to the names and 
the projections of the Doctors Gall and 
Spurzheim; but, the gratitude, the justice, 
the rationality of posterity will unite with 
one voice in acclaiming, that the most 
constrictive obligations by which they are 
bound, are, without any rivality, those 



162 ENCEPHALOLOGY. 

which bind them forever to the imperish- 
able name, and victorious execution, of 
Ernst Hirnschadel! 

Dr. Hirnschadel, by his last will and 
testament, left his body to be interred in 
the cemetery of his fore-fathers, and his 
Cranion, with its Encephalus, after a skil- 
ful preparation, to be placed in a sepul- 
chral shrine, and deposited in the Anato- 
tomical Museum of the University of 
Frankfort upon Oder. He moreover left 
the sum of 20,000 florins, as a fund for 
its preservation ; together with a most 
solemn condition, that it should be 
exposed only to such persons as had 
received a Diploma of Doctor of Physic 
from that university, and only on certain 
days, and hours, specified in his will : 
by which wise provision, it is happily 
secured for ever from the idle and pro- 
fane gaze of the common traveller. His 
journals, lectures, and the voluminous 
mass of his manuscript, Dr. Hirnschadel 
bequeathed to his family; and they are 



ENCEPHALOLOGY. 163 

now under examination and arrangement, 
with a view to their publication, as has 
already been stated. I have purposely 
abstained from multiplying explanatory 
plates in this u Very Brief Sketch" that 
I might not, in any degree, impair the 
future sale of that admirable work. 



JAMQUE OPUS EXEGI, &C. 



THE END. 



GLOSSARY. 



Bufo, 

Cephalus, 

Cephalic, 

Cephalalgia, 

Cerebrum, 

Cerebellum, 

Granion, 

Craniology, 

Cranioscopy, 



Craniosophy, 



Dorsal, ' 

Encephalus, 

Encephalic, 

Encephalology, 

Follis, 

Mollities, 

Nidus, 

Parencephalis, 

Phren, 

Phrenology, 

Psychology, 

Rhomb, 



a toad. 

the head. 

pertaining to the head. 

headach. 

the brain. Lat. 

the hind-brain. 

the skull. 

knozoledge of the skull. 

simple Craniplogical and Phre-] 

nological inspection of the exter- r 

rial surface of the cranion. J 

Dr. HlRNSCHADJSL'S peculiar'} 

science of deducing the internal \ 

surface of the cranion from the \ 

external, and, by that means, of \ 

ascertaining the true form of the [ 

brain. J 

pertaining to the back. 

the brain. Gr, 

pertaining to the brain. 

knowledge of the brain. 

a bellows. 

softness. 

a nest. 

the hind-brain. 

(pronounce Phreen) the mind. 

knowledge of the mind. 

knowledge of the soul. 

lozenge. 



GLOSSARY. 

Rhombic, lozenge-shaped. 

Rut, (Fr. rut,) this word evidently ap- 

pears to be of the same origin as 
the French rot, roter, and to 
signify the eructant sound of the 
throats of deer during the season 
of autumn. 

RATIOS. 



Agge-ratio, heaping, building, constructing, &>c. 
Appa-ra^t'o, gallantry, magnificence, fyc. 
Aufe-ratio, carrying off, thieving, §c. 
Augu-ratio, fortunejtelling, second-sight, witch- 
craft, §c. 
BeWige-ratio, warring, fighting, §c. 
Concame-rtf Zio, vault, arch, fyc 
Deside-ralio, desire, coveting, SfC. 
~Fmst-ratio, failure, disappointment, fyc. 
Fulgu-rafo'o, flashing, dashing, §c. 
Lizce-ratio, destroying, Sfc. 
Lib-ratio, balancing, fyc. 
MoXn-ratio, hastening, fyc. 
Mo-ratio, staying, tarrying, fyc. 
Obi-ratio, anger, rage, fyc. 
Obtempe-rctfio, obedience, submission, fyc. 
O-ratio, speech, eloquence, fyc. 
RATIO, REASON! 
Suilace-rctfio, self-destroying. 
Swpe-ratio, command, authority, superiority, 

conquest, fyc. 
Suswr-ratio, low-speaking, zohispering, fyc. 
Vitupe-rafa'o, abusing, calumniating, fyc. 
Vo-ratio, eating, devouring. 



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